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American Foreign Policy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

National constituency

A

the whole nations opinion matters
ex. presidential election

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2
Q

Bipolar

A

two major powers in a system
ex. US and soviet union during cold war

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3
Q

Bolstering

A

Once a decision is made, policy makers often use the decision to _____their claims regarding the problem at hand
Drumming up support
Using issue to give more support

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4
Q

Bully Pulpit

A

A prominent public position that allows one to share their views easier and be heard
Ex. Presidency. Everyone listens to what the president is saying
Term coined by teddy roosevelt

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5
Q

Bush Doctrine

A

Enemies of the US use terrorism as a war of ideology against the nation

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6
Q

Celebrity diplomacy

A

When celebrities voice their opinion or get involved with other countries
Can create pathways of diplomacy
Can call attention to an issue that many people may not know about

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7
Q

Church committee

A

led to the first public knowledge of the scale of covert operations conducted by the CIA
The Senate body that investigated the CIA and intelligence complex became known as this. It found many CIA operations to be abuses of presidential power

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8
Q

CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)

A

In charge of intelligence collection
During the cold war overthrew many governments and got involved in many places it shouldn’t have

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9
Q

Coercive interrogation

A

Nice way of saying torture
Used by the CIA on suspected terrorists after 9/11

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10
Q

Cognitive closure

A

The human desire toe eliminate ambiguity and arrive at definite conclusions even if its irrational

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11
Q

Constructivism

A

Came around after the cold war ended
Tenets:
- The identities and interests of political actors emerge largely as a result of interactions
-International political actors are therefore not necessarily or exclusively individualistic and self-interested
-The distribution of ideas, norms, and values within the global state is as important as the distribution of capabilities

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12
Q

Containment

A

Attempts by the US to contain communism during the cold war. Caused various proxy wars throughout the world

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13
Q

Contra

A

Various US backed right wing rebel groups that were active during the Nicaraguan revolution. Example of containment strategy

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14
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

US discovered that there were soviet missiles in cuba
Closest the US and USSR came to all out nuclear war during the cold war

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15
Q

Detente policy

A

the relaxation of strained relations through verbal communication

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16
Q

Executive agreements

A

Executive makes a deal with a foreign country for whatever reason
The issue is that when the executive leaves office, so does the deal
Not a deal between nations, a deal between people

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17
Q

Extraordinary Rendition

A

a practice in which suspected terrorists were transported to foreign countries whose interrogation practices did not have to comply with U.S. laws

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18
Q

Glastnost

A

Soviet policy of maximum openness and transparency in the activities of state institutions

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19
Q

Globalization

A

The process of the spreading of knowledge, culture, trade, and ideas throughout the world

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20
Q

Goldwater Nichols act

A

Reorganized the DOD
Made the biggest changes to the set up of the DOD since its creation

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21
Q

Groupthink

A

Going along with whatever the group says in order to not rock the boat

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22
Q

Gulf of tonkin resolution

A

Fully launched the US involvement in vietnam
Authorized lyndon b johnson to take any measures he believed to be necessary to retaliate and promote international peace and security in asia

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23
Q

Gunboat diplomacy

A

Essentially forcing a country to comply with the US wishes by threatening military action
Use of deployed military forces to achieve a foreign policy goal

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24
Q

Hard power

A

coercive approach to foreign policy that often uses military force

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25
Q

Intelligence cycle

A

Planning and direction, collection, processing, analysis, dissemination

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26
Q

Intelligence types

A

HUMINT, SIGINT, and IMINT

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27
Q

IMF (international monetary fund)

A

Monitoring the fiscal and monetary policies of member states
Created as part of the Bretton woods system
Provides loans to help ensure financial stability, cooperation, facilitate trade, foster low unemployment, etc

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28
Q

Iran contra affair

A

US senior administration officials facilitated the sale of arms to iran was under an arms embargo. The administration planned to use the money made from this sale to fund the Contras in Nicaragua

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29
Q

Iran hostage crisis

A

Iran had a coup and students in iran took control of the US embassy and held everyone in it hostage for over a year

30
Q

Iran nuclear deal

A

Placed significant restrictions on Irans nuclear weapon capabilities in return for the relaxation of sanctions against the country

31
Q

Iron triangle

A

Links influential interest groups, congressional committees, and the corresponding department of the executive branch
All work together to conserve their own power and expand political influence

32
Q

Issue network

A

brings together interested governmental and private actors with shared expertise in a given area of public policy

33
Q

League of nations

A

The first iteration of the UN
US congress did not ratify, which lead to its failure

34
Q

Liberalism

A

Domestic politics and political structures are important
Economic goals are important
International law and international organizations are relatively important
Values, especially democratic values are important

35
Q

Long cycle theory

A

Describes the connection between war cycles, economic supremacy, and the political aspects of world leadership

36
Q

Louisiana purchase

A

US bought large chunk of land in the west of the continent from Napoleon (France)

37
Q

Marshal Plan

A

Paved the way for europes economic recovery after both world wars
Gave US allies in europe economic aid

38
Q

Manifest destiny

A

A belief popular in the early history of the United States that the nation had God’s blessing to expand and assume political control of a wider population

39
Q

Management styles

A

how the president does his thing
Formalistic, Competitive, and collegial

40
Q

McCarthyism

A

1950s red scare
People suspected of being communists or soviet spies were interrogated

41
Q

Military-industrial complex

A

the relationship between a country’s military and the defense industry that supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy
Relationship between the government, the military, and the businesses that build things for the military

42
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

Said that europe should stay out of things in the western hemisphere

43
Q

Multilateral

A

the coordination of three or more actors on a topic

44
Q

Multipolar

A

Multiple strong world powers all existing at once
Ex. Europe pre WWI

45
Q

National Security council

A

Three primary functions: Agency of policy coordination, Source of neutral policy guidance, Forum for crisis management

46
Q

Nelson-Bingham Amendment

A

Authorized congress to review and reject foreign arms sales of more than $25 mil through a concurrent resolution of both chambers

47
Q

Open door policy

A

Called for a system of equal trade and investment to guarantee the territorial integrity of Qing China

48
Q

Oversight

A

the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, and policy implementation

49
Q

Case zablocki act

A

Requires the president to notify the legislative branch about international agreements within 60 days of their entering into force

50
Q

War powers resolution

A

Required presidents to inform congress when the US deployed troops and gave congress the ability to pull the troops back out after 60 days if the majority did not approve of it

51
Q

jackson Vanik amendment

A

Amendment to a trade act which prevented the US from granting the most favored nation status if that country restricted its citizens form moving abroad

52
Q

Intelligence oversight act

A

Empowered the house and senate committees to oversee covert operations and intelligence activities and required the executive to inform congress about them

53
Q

Passing the buck

A

Ability of congress to push the blame for foreign policy decisions onto the president because of the perceptions of the american public

54
Q

Perestroika

A

Soviet economic reformation within the communist party

55
Q

Power of the purse

A

Congress has this. Ability to delegate funds wherever they need to or want to go. Article 1 Section 8

56
Q

Rational political ambition theory

A

Can be traced back to Machiavelli.
Key assumption: Political survival, political leaders need to do whatever possible to stay in power

57
Q

Realism

A

States are the most important actors and can be treated as unitary, rational actors
predominant theory and most widely adopted approach

58
Q

saber rattling

A

Having to constantly manage tensions with foreign adversaries

59
Q

Soft power

A

Shaping the preferences of others through appeal and attraction
Example: business and trade, diplomacy

60
Q

The 22nd amendment

A

Established presidential term limits (2 4 year terms or 2+ years during someone elses term +1 more term)

61
Q

The bretton woods accords

A

Founding agreements for the WTO and IMF
Set the dollar gold standard

62
Q

Department of agriculture

A

Founded in 1862 by lincoln

63
Q

Department of defense

A

Originally the National military establishment
Founded 1947 by the national security act
Maintains military installations and alliances

64
Q

Department of homeland security

A

Established after 9/11
New institution intended to guard against future catastrophic events

65
Q

Department of state

A

State department serves 6 functions. Advising. gathering and sharing info, negotiating, providing representation and services, regulating travel, Investigating solutions

66
Q

The intelligence oversight act of 1980

A

Empowered house and senate committees to oevrsee US intelligence activities and required presidents to notify congress about secret operations in foreign countries

67
Q

Lend-lease program

A

US did not want to join WWII early on but provided military support in britain in exchange for being able to use british naval bases in the caribbean

68
Q

The roosevelt corollary

A

US had authority to act as international police power outside of its borders to maintain stability in the western hemisphere

69
Q

truman doctrine

A

US provided military aid to many states and pledged support for free peoples against subjugation

70
Q

Two level game

A

Level one: interact with other states
Level two: interact with domestic supporters and competitors

71
Q

Unipolar

A

Only one major player in the system
Global hegemon

American Foreign Policy (1 decks)

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