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Environmental Science > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The variation of genes in a group of a species; higher diversity means better resistance to stress or disease.

A

Genetic Diversity

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2
Q

The number of species in an area.

A

Species Diversity

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3
Q

The number of ecosystems in an area.

A

Ecosystem Diversity

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4
Q

Define the term “system.

A

inputs with outputs.

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5
Q

Food, water, pollination, species diversity, and cultural values are all benefits that humans draw from an ecosystem and/or are important to their proper functioning. These are known as:

A

ecosystem services

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6
Q

Environmental scientists study

A

-Simple and complex interrelated natural and human systems.
-Food production and water resources.
-Global issues like species extinction, climate alterations, and resource consumption.
-Ecosystems and changes (from both natural and human sources) in those systems.

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7
Q

At which trophic level are eagles that consume fish that eat algae

A

secondary consumers

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8
Q

Water, DNA, proteins, and sugars are all examples of

A

Compounds necessary for life.

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9
Q

What is the environment?

A

Sum of all conditions surrounding us that influence life

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10
Q

Nonliving

A

abiotic

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11
Q

Living

A

biotic

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12
Q

Inputs

A

energy,matter

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13
Q

actions

A

energy,material conversions, energy, material storage

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14
Q

outputs

A

energy,matter,heat

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15
Q

Ecosystem

A

physical area on the earth surface

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16
Q

ecosystem services

A

benefits humans, get it from ecosystem

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17
Q

food production

A

supply of grains is expected to decline, unpredictable weather productions +growing human population

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18
Q

Resource depletion

A

human population grows, resources for survival become depleted

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19
Q

eutrophication

A

fish kills, harmful bacteria, damage to resources

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20
Q

Scientific method

A

Observe/question
Form testable hypothesis/prediction
collect data/conduct experiment to test prediction
interpret results
disseminate findings

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21
Q

replication

A

taking repeated measurements

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22
Q

sample size

A

the number of times the measurement is repeated

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23
Q

accuracy

A

how close measured value is to actual/true value

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24
Q

precision

A

how close the repeated measurement is to one another

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25
Q

steady state

A

inputs=outputs

26
Q

atom

A

smallest particle that can exist; everything is made up of atoms

27
Q

compound

A

substance made up of two or more atoms of different elements chemically bonded together (H2O)

28
Q

molecule

A

two or more atoms bonded together

29
Q

photosynthesis

A

performed by plants, algae, bacteria

30
Q

respiration

A

performed by all organisms

31
Q

consumers

A

heterotrophs;must consume other organisms

32
Q

herbivores

A

primary consumers

33
Q

carnivores

A

secondary consumers

34
Q

food chain

A

sequence of consumption from producer through tertiary consumer (producer-primary-secondary-tertiary)

35
Q

trophic level

A

position by which an organism occupies a food chain (producer-1, primary-2, secondary-3, tertiary-4)

36
Q

Food web

A

accounts for multiple food chains/complex relationships between organisms

37
Q

Decomposers

A

fungi, bacteria that break down organisms by recycling nutrients and waste back into ecosystem

38
Q

detrivores

A

organisms that break down dead tissue and waste

39
Q

ecosystem productivity

A

amount of energy available in ecosystem (determines GPP)

40
Q

Net primary Productivity (NPP)

A

energy captured minus energy respired by producers

41
Q

biomass

A

total mass of all living matter in specific area

42
Q

ecological efficiency

A

proportion of consumed energy that can be passed from one trophic level to another

43
Q

biosphere

A

combination of all ecosystems on earth

44
Q

hydrologic cycle

A

movement of water through biosphere

45
Q

carbon cycle

A

movement of carbon through biosphere

46
Q

nitrogen cycle

A

movement of nitrogen through bioshphere

47
Q

biogeochemical cycle

A

movement of matter within/between ecosystems

48
Q

phosphorous cycle

A

movement of phosphorous through biosphere

49
Q

species richness

A

number of species in given area

50
Q

species evenness

A

how dominant one species is/equally abundant multple scpecies are in an ecosystem

51
Q

categories of endangerment

A

least concerned, near-threatened, threatened, extinct

52
Q

reduced biodiversity is due to

A

deforestation, invasive species, over-harvesting

53
Q

invasive species

A

exotic species that live outside their historical range/spread rapidly across large areas

54
Q

biosphere reserves

A

protected areas consisting of zones that vary in the amount of permitted human impact (738 reserves in World)

55
Q

Core

A
  • innermost zone of planet, largely nickel+iron
56
Q

mantle

A

-above the core, contains magma

57
Q

crust

A

-outermost layer of the planet

58
Q

rock cycle

A

constant formation+ destruction of rock

59
Q

weathering

A

rocks are exposed to air, water, chemicals, or biological agents that degrade rock

60
Q

physical weathering

A

breakdown of rocks and minerals without altering chemical composition

61
Q

frost action (thaw)

A

water gets into cracks of rock, freezes, and pushes rock to break; creates potholes too

62
Q

erosion

A

physical removal of rock fragments from a landscape or ecosystem

Environmental Science (1 decks)

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