Exam 1 Flashcards
Describes the style of painting, loose and abstract
Fauvism
Border of Science, conspiracy theories
Marginal sciences
Claims to be science but is not
Pseudo-Science
The study of what people thought throughout history have made of the sky. What role they played in their cultures
Archeoastronomy
In chaco-canyon, lots of markers
- Natives disappeared mysteriously
-Road system
Fajada Butte
A picture of a hand, a crescent moon, a star and a shooting star
Supernova pictograph
Pecked into rock
-Pitina=brown covering
Petroglyph
Painted on the surface of stone
Pictograph
Arrangement of the land into a sign, symbol or place
Geoglyph
A symbol on earth, that points at an association to the alignment of the heavens
Alignment
Oldest native statue
-Sign of fertility
Venus of Willendorf
Dig a ditch in a circle, pile dirt on one side
A Henge
-Aubry holes are post holes filled with chalk+human bone
-May be used to measure astronomical features
-Remodeled multiple times
-Bluestones came from whales
Stonehenge
Lines of magic powers
lay lines
Big rocks, domes, circles, henges
Megolythic
Giant stone heads
Olmec civilization
-Worlds first natural philosopher
-Founder of Greek Science
-Model of a disk (Earth) floating on water
-Emphasis of water and magnets
Thales
-Earth is a sphere
-Numbers are essential element in reality
-Believed space is made of ether
-Cult
Pythagoras
-First to suggest that the earth and the heavens are made of the same elements
Anaxagoras
-Atomism, purely materialist
-Everything has to be made of atoms or it doesn’t exist
- You cant cut something in half forever, always ends at its smallest form
Democritus
- Stars are in some way spiritual essences, explanations tend to be “mythical” as apposed to “mechanical”
-Student of Socrates - Planets orbit are perfect circles
Plato
Globes of astronomical world
Celestial globes
Image of atlas holding up physical universe
Farnese Atlas
-Credited with the first system of embedded planetary motions
-Earth is the center of many spheres rotating on different axis
Eudoxus
-Students of Plato but disagreed with him
-Tutored Alexander the Great
Aristotle
What order did the spheres go in Aristotle’s model of the universe?
- Earth
- Moon
- Mercury
- Venus
- Sun
- Mars
- Jupiter
- Saturn
- Sphere of the fixed stars
- Prime Mover
-Proposed heliocentric model and calculated distance of the sun and moon from earth. By using right angles
-Concluded that sun is much farther from the Earth and is really large
-Quickly put aside because angle of stars change
Aristarchus
Found the circumference of the earth, very accurate
Eratosthenes
Only reason Aristarchus is remembered
Archimedes
-First great observational astronomer
-First star map
- invented the system of measurements still used today
- The movement of the earths axis
Hipparchus
-Artifact of Hellenistic culture, badly corroded
- Astrological predictions, highly complex technology
- A computer?
The Antikythera
-Secret religion to worship Mithras
- Slaying of the white bull
- Mystery religion, lost of practices are unknown
-Slaying bull, dog, snake, scorpion, moon and sun.
- Astronomy and religions can be intertwined
Mithraism
-Born from rock
-Slaughters white bull
-Religious figure
Mithras
-Synthesizes earlier astronomical ideas
- Model could correctly forecast future planetary positions
- Writes algemetest
Ptolemy
1/4 of a circle that determines angular separation between two bodies
Quadrant
God is everything, science sucks
Theocentric
-“Rebirth”
- Bringing back love of classical learning from Greeks and Romans
- Humanism
Renaissance
- Romantic poet
- Started bringing back old documents
Petrarch
Events that contributed to the renaissance
- Petrarch
- Printing Press
- Fall of Constantinople
- Lorenzo il magnifico
- Columbus
- The protestant reformation
Medieval vs. Renaissance Art
-Medieval constructs images to show likeness, more copy and paste.
-Mainly symbolic, frontal, intended to aid in devotion
Renaissance art looks deeper, more realistic, drawings from life, descriptive rendering, accuracy and realism
-Preserved circles, sun is in center, orbits of planets in years
- No prime mover or fixed stars
-1543 published revolutions
Copernicus
Objections against earth rotations
- What evidence is there that earth rotates?
- Why cant we see any evidence of the parallax?
- Why doesnt the moon go around the sun?
-1608= telescopes are manufactured
- Observes Jupiter’s three moons and publishes it
- Lots of shit goes down
- Warned not to preach copernicanism as fact
-Church banned Copernicus as a result
- Published dialogue
Galileo
What did Galileo observe?
- The moon has craters, mountains and landscape
- Venus has phases
- Jupiter has four moons
- Milky way composed of thousands of stars
- Saturn has ears or handles, idk man its weird
- The sun has dark spots and rotates
