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Astronomy and the Arts > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describes the style of painting, loose and abstract

A

Fauvism

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2
Q

Border of Science, conspiracy theories

A

Marginal sciences

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3
Q

Claims to be science but is not

A

Pseudo-Science

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4
Q

The study of what people thought throughout history have made of the sky. What role they played in their cultures

A

Archeoastronomy

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5
Q

In chaco-canyon, lots of markers
- Natives disappeared mysteriously
-Road system

A

Fajada Butte

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6
Q

A picture of a hand, a crescent moon, a star and a shooting star

A

Supernova pictograph

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7
Q

Pecked into rock
-Pitina=brown covering

A

Petroglyph

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8
Q

Painted on the surface of stone

A

Pictograph

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9
Q

Arrangement of the land into a sign, symbol or place

A

Geoglyph

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10
Q

A symbol on earth, that points at an association to the alignment of the heavens

A

Alignment

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11
Q

Oldest native statue
-Sign of fertility

A

Venus of Willendorf

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12
Q

Dig a ditch in a circle, pile dirt on one side

A

A Henge

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13
Q

-Aubry holes are post holes filled with chalk+human bone
-May be used to measure astronomical features
-Remodeled multiple times
-Bluestones came from whales

A

Stonehenge

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14
Q

Lines of magic powers

A

lay lines

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15
Q

Big rocks, domes, circles, henges

A

Megolythic

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16
Q

Giant stone heads

A

Olmec civilization

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17
Q

-Worlds first natural philosopher
-Founder of Greek Science
-Model of a disk (Earth) floating on water
-Emphasis of water and magnets

A

Thales

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18
Q

-Earth is a sphere
-Numbers are essential element in reality
-Believed space is made of ether
-Cult

A

Pythagoras

19
Q

-First to suggest that the earth and the heavens are made of the same elements

A

Anaxagoras

20
Q

-Atomism, purely materialist
-Everything has to be made of atoms or it doesn’t exist
- You cant cut something in half forever, always ends at its smallest form

A

Democritus

21
Q
  • Stars are in some way spiritual essences, explanations tend to be “mythical” as apposed to “mechanical”
    -Student of Socrates
  • Planets orbit are perfect circles
A

Plato

22
Q

Globes of astronomical world

A

Celestial globes

23
Q

Image of atlas holding up physical universe

A

Farnese Atlas

24
Q

-Credited with the first system of embedded planetary motions
-Earth is the center of many spheres rotating on different axis

A

Eudoxus

25
Q

-Students of Plato but disagreed with him
-Tutored Alexander the Great

A

Aristotle

26
Q

What order did the spheres go in Aristotle’s model of the universe?

A
  1. Earth
  2. Moon
  3. Mercury
  4. Venus
  5. Sun
  6. Mars
  7. Jupiter
  8. Saturn
  9. Sphere of the fixed stars
  10. Prime Mover
27
Q

-Proposed heliocentric model and calculated distance of the sun and moon from earth. By using right angles
-Concluded that sun is much farther from the Earth and is really large
-Quickly put aside because angle of stars change

A

Aristarchus

28
Q

Found the circumference of the earth, very accurate

A

Eratosthenes

29
Q

Only reason Aristarchus is remembered

A

Archimedes

30
Q

-First great observational astronomer
-First star map
- invented the system of measurements still used today
- The movement of the earths axis

A

Hipparchus

31
Q

-Artifact of Hellenistic culture, badly corroded
- Astrological predictions, highly complex technology
- A computer?

A

The Antikythera

32
Q

-Secret religion to worship Mithras
- Slaying of the white bull
- Mystery religion, lost of practices are unknown
-Slaying bull, dog, snake, scorpion, moon and sun.
- Astronomy and religions can be intertwined

A

Mithraism

33
Q

-Born from rock
-Slaughters white bull
-Religious figure

A

Mithras

34
Q

-Synthesizes earlier astronomical ideas
- Model could correctly forecast future planetary positions
- Writes algemetest

A

Ptolemy

35
Q

1/4 of a circle that determines angular separation between two bodies

A

Quadrant

36
Q

God is everything, science sucks

A

Theocentric

37
Q

-“Rebirth”
- Bringing back love of classical learning from Greeks and Romans
- Humanism

A

Renaissance

38
Q
  • Romantic poet
  • Started bringing back old documents
A

Petrarch

39
Q

Events that contributed to the renaissance

A
  1. Petrarch
  2. Printing Press
  3. Fall of Constantinople
  4. Lorenzo il magnifico
  5. Columbus
  6. The protestant reformation
40
Q

Medieval vs. Renaissance Art

A

-Medieval constructs images to show likeness, more copy and paste.
-Mainly symbolic, frontal, intended to aid in devotion
Renaissance art looks deeper, more realistic, drawings from life, descriptive rendering, accuracy and realism

41
Q

-Preserved circles, sun is in center, orbits of planets in years
- No prime mover or fixed stars
-1543 published revolutions

A

Copernicus

42
Q

Objections against earth rotations

A
  1. What evidence is there that earth rotates?
  2. Why cant we see any evidence of the parallax?
  3. Why doesnt the moon go around the sun?
43
Q

-1608= telescopes are manufactured
- Observes Jupiter’s three moons and publishes it
- Lots of shit goes down
- Warned not to preach copernicanism as fact
-Church banned Copernicus as a result
- Published dialogue

A

Galileo

44
Q

What did Galileo observe?

A
  1. The moon has craters, mountains and landscape
  2. Venus has phases
  3. Jupiter has four moons
  4. Milky way composed of thousands of stars
  5. Saturn has ears or handles, idk man its weird
  6. The sun has dark spots and rotates

Astronomy and the Arts (3 decks)

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