Exam 1 Flashcards
Trace and label the embryological brain at the 5 vesicle stage.
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Mesencephalon
Myelencephalon
Name 3 structures in the mature brain (any major brin regions, specific nuclei, Tracy’s, ect.) that develop from each of these 5 vesicles.
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
Prosencephalon
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
(Forebrain)
Mesencephalon
Mesencephalon
(Midbrain)
Rhombencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
(Hindbrain)
Telencephalon
Medial longitudinal fissure
Cerebral cortex
Amygdala
Diencephalon
Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Mesencephalon
Superior colliculi
Inferior colliculi
Cerebral aqueduct
Metencephalon
Cerebellum
Pons
Fourth ventricle
Myelencephalon
Medulla oblongata
Dorsal column
Olives
Medial longitudinal Fissure
Separates the left and the right hemispheres
Cerebral Cortex
Involved in higher central processing such as Decision making, learning, language, memory, reasoning emotions and thought.
Amygdala
Involved in emotional responses such as the formation of memories from emotions.
Epithalamus
Connects the limbic system to the rest of the brain and is also involved in the secretion of melatonin from the pineal glands
Thalamus
The main relay station for signaling across the brain.
Hypothalamus
In charge of motivation and homeostatic regulation of the brain
Superior colliculi
Involved in the orientation of the head/eye movement when processing peripheral visual stimuli
Inferior colliculi
Involved in the head/ear movement when detecting peripheral auditory stimuli
Cerebral aqueduct
Connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles and is a ventricular conduit for cerebrospinal fluid
Pons
The bridge of the brain to the spinal cord and also involved in the control of eye movement.
Cerebellum
involved in regulating eye and limb movement more specifically for proprioception of the limbs such as precision and coordination.
Fourth ventricle
Connects the cerebral aqueduct to the obex and has a major role in cerebrospinal fluid production (as it contains the largest amount of choroid plexus
Medulla oblongata
Responsible for functions of the autonomic nervous system such as heart beating and lungs breathing
Dorsal column tubercules
In the dorsal area of the medulla and part of the dorsal column medial lemniscal system
Olives
Contain neurons that are a large source of afferent information for the cerebellum
Ventricular system
Lateral ventricles
Intraventricular foramen
3rd ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)
4th ventricle
Central canal
Lateral ventricle
Anterior horn atrium
Body
Inferior horn
Posterior horn
Basal plate develop into?
Ventral horns of spinal cord
Motor nuclei in the brain stem
Function:motor signals
Alar plate develops into?
Dorsal horn in spinal cord
Sensory nuclei in the brainstem
Function: sensory signals
3 non-cranial nuclei that migrate away from the alar or basal plate
Inferior olivary nuclei: in medulla
Pontine nuclei: in Pons
Red nucleus: midbrain
Inferior olivary nuclei
Medulla
Auditory
Pontine nuclei
Pons
Skilled movement control
Red nucleus
Helps control movement
4 structures in telencephalon that form c shape due to proliferation of cells in this embryological subdivision
Cerebral cortex
Lateral ventricles
Caudate nucleus
Corpus callosum
Dorsal root ganglion neuron
Sensory afferent information
(Axons enter spinal cord through dorsal rootlet
Ascend through dorsal column to brainstem for perception)
Ventral root neuron
Motor efferent information
3 types of association cortex in temporal lobe
Auditory association cortex
Visual association cortex
Olfactory association cortex
Ventricular system
Telencephalon: anterior horn,atrium,body, interventricular foramen
Diencephalon: 3rd ventricle
Mesencephalon: cerebral aqueduct
Metencephalon: 4th ventricle
Myelencephalon: central canal
Primary motor cortex
Pre Central gyrus
Where the corticospinal tract comes from
Primary somatosensory cortex
Post central gyrus
Where the dorsal medial lemniscal system ends up at
Coronal section of spinal cord
Grey matter inside
Intermediate zone middle
White matter outside
Lateral column (corticospinal tract)
Dorsal column (dorsal column medial lemniscal system)
Anita
Medicated
Late
Intramuscular
Middle finger
Reticle
Anterior group
Medial group
Lateral group
Intralaminar nuclei
Midline nuclei
Reticular nucleus
Dorsal column medial lemniscal system
Ascending
Primary somatosensory cortex
Axon in internal capsule (telencephalon)
Thalamus (vpl)
Axon in medial lemniscus
Dorsal column nucleus and sensory decussation
Axon in dorsal column
Dorsal root ganglion neuron
Peripheral sensory receptor
3 neurons
Corticospinal tract
Descending
Primary motor cortex
Axon in internal capsule(mesencephalon, cerebral peduncle, basis pedunculi)
Axon in pyramid (medulla level)
Decussation of corticospinal tract (at pyramids)(medulla)
Motor neuron
Skeletal muscle
Lateral column
2 neurons
