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Neuroanatomy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Trace and label the embryological brain at the 5 vesicle stage.

A

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Mesencephalon
Myelencephalon

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2
Q

Name 3 structures in the mature brain (any major brin regions, specific nuclei, Tracy’s, ect.) that develop from each of these 5 vesicles.

A

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

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3
Q

Prosencephalon

A

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
(Forebrain)

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4
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Mesencephalon
(Midbrain)

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5
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
(Hindbrain)

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6
Q

Telencephalon

A

Medial longitudinal fissure
Cerebral cortex
Amygdala

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7
Q

Diencephalon

A

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

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8
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Superior colliculi
Inferior colliculi
Cerebral aqueduct

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9
Q

Metencephalon

A

Cerebellum
Pons
Fourth ventricle

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10
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medulla oblongata
Dorsal column
Olives

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11
Q

Medial longitudinal Fissure

A

Separates the left and the right hemispheres

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12
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Involved in higher central processing such as Decision making, learning, language, memory, reasoning emotions and thought.

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13
Q

Amygdala

A

Involved in emotional responses such as the formation of memories from emotions.

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14
Q

Epithalamus

A

Connects the limbic system to the rest of the brain and is also involved in the secretion of melatonin from the pineal glands

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15
Q

Thalamus

A

The main relay station for signaling across the brain.

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

In charge of motivation and homeostatic regulation of the brain

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17
Q

Superior colliculi

A

Involved in the orientation of the head/eye movement when processing peripheral visual stimuli

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18
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

Involved in the head/ear movement when detecting peripheral auditory stimuli

19
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

Connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles and is a ventricular conduit for cerebrospinal fluid

20
Q

Pons

A

The bridge of the brain to the spinal cord and also involved in the control of eye movement.

21
Q

Cerebellum

A

involved in regulating eye and limb movement more specifically for proprioception of the limbs such as precision and coordination.

22
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

Connects the cerebral aqueduct to the obex and has a major role in cerebrospinal fluid production (as it contains the largest amount of choroid plexus

23
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Responsible for functions of the autonomic nervous system such as heart beating and lungs breathing

24
Q

Dorsal column tubercules

A

In the dorsal area of the medulla and part of the dorsal column medial lemniscal system

25
Q

Olives

A

Contain neurons that are a large source of afferent information for the cerebellum

26
Q

Ventricular system

A

Lateral ventricles
Intraventricular foramen
3rd ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)
4th ventricle
Central canal

27
Q

Lateral ventricle

A

Anterior horn atrium
Body
Inferior horn
Posterior horn

28
Q

Basal plate develop into?

A

Ventral horns of spinal cord
Motor nuclei in the brain stem
Function:motor signals

29
Q

Alar plate develops into?

A

Dorsal horn in spinal cord
Sensory nuclei in the brainstem
Function: sensory signals

30
Q

3 non-cranial nuclei that migrate away from the alar or basal plate

A

Inferior olivary nuclei: in medulla
Pontine nuclei: in Pons
Red nucleus: midbrain

31
Q

Inferior olivary nuclei

A

Medulla
Auditory

32
Q

Pontine nuclei

A

Pons
Skilled movement control

33
Q

Red nucleus

A

Helps control movement

34
Q

4 structures in telencephalon that form c shape due to proliferation of cells in this embryological subdivision

A

Cerebral cortex
Lateral ventricles
Caudate nucleus
Corpus callosum

35
Q

Dorsal root ganglion neuron

A

Sensory afferent information
(Axons enter spinal cord through dorsal rootlet
Ascend through dorsal column to brainstem for perception)

36
Q

Ventral root neuron

A

Motor efferent information

37
Q

3 types of association cortex in temporal lobe

A

Auditory association cortex
Visual association cortex
Olfactory association cortex

38
Q

Ventricular system

A

Telencephalon: anterior horn,atrium,body, interventricular foramen
Diencephalon: 3rd ventricle
Mesencephalon: cerebral aqueduct
Metencephalon: 4th ventricle
Myelencephalon: central canal

39
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Pre Central gyrus
Where the corticospinal tract comes from

40
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Post central gyrus
Where the dorsal medial lemniscal system ends up at

41
Q

Coronal section of spinal cord

A

Grey matter inside
Intermediate zone middle
White matter outside
Lateral column (corticospinal tract)
Dorsal column (dorsal column medial lemniscal system)

42
Q

Anita
Medicated
Late
Intramuscular
Middle finger
Reticle

A

Anterior group
Medial group
Lateral group
Intralaminar nuclei
Midline nuclei
Reticular nucleus

43
Q

Dorsal column medial lemniscal system

A

Ascending
Primary somatosensory cortex
Axon in internal capsule (telencephalon)
Thalamus (vpl)
Axon in medial lemniscus
Dorsal column nucleus and sensory decussation
Axon in dorsal column
Dorsal root ganglion neuron
Peripheral sensory receptor
3 neurons

44
Q

Corticospinal tract

A

Descending
Primary motor cortex
Axon in internal capsule(mesencephalon, cerebral peduncle, basis pedunculi)
Axon in pyramid (medulla level)
Decussation of corticospinal tract (at pyramids)(medulla)
Motor neuron
Skeletal muscle
Lateral column
2 neurons

Neuroanatomy (2 decks)

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