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Abnormal Psychology Exam 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Operant Extinction

A

reinforcement that was in the past is now withheld, behavior decreases

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2
Q

Negative punishment

A

take away stimulus, behavior decreases

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3
Q

ABC’s of observation

A

Antecedents, Behaviors, Consequences

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4
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Adding positive stimuli, increase behavior

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5
Q

Habituation

A

When a stimuli gets to familiar and doesn’t respond anymore

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6
Q

Topography

A

Configuring the form or shape of a response

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7
Q

Function

A

the effects of the response

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8
Q

Scientist-practitioner model

A

training professional psychologists that works on both research and clinical skills

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9
Q

Humanistic Tradition

A

People are good by nature, humans strive towards self-actualization, Maslow, Rogers

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10
Q

Genotype

A

Colleton of alleles

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11
Q

Phenotype

A

Reaction of alleles

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12
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

fight or flight

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14
Q

Emotions

A

Behavior: what you do
Cognition: think
Physiology: reaction

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15
Q

Observational learning

A

learning by observing others

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16
Q

Clinical assessment

A

evaluation of factors that may be affecting an individual’s problems

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17
Q

Unstructured interview

A

no set of questions, probing questions. Pro: wide net of info
Con: reliability

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18
Q

Validity

A

actually measuring what you intend to measure

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19
Q

Confounding varaible

A

variable other than the IV that effects the outcome

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20
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

increasing behaviors by removing stimuli

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21
Q

Avoidence

A

avoiding the risk by discounting the activity

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22
Q

Positive punishment

A

adding a stimulus to stop a behavior

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23
Q

Respondent extinction

A

the repeated presentation of a conditioned stimuli in the absence of the unconditioned stimuli

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24
Q

unconditioned stimuls

A

evokes an unconditioned response without prior conditioning

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25
Q

conditioned stimulus

A

elicits a response only after learning has taken place

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26
Q

unconditioned response

A

unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus

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27
Q

Conditioned reponse

A

a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

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28
Q

Syndrome

A

a group of symptoms which consistently occur together

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29
Q

Disease

A

a disorder of structure or function and is not simply a direct result of physical injury

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30
Q

psychological disorder

A

syndrome markedd by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

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31
Q

Symptoms

A

sensation felt by an individual

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32
Q

Sign

A

visible to the naked eye ex. bruises

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33
Q

Course

A

the length of time of a disorder

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34
Q

Prognosis

A

a prediction of the course of a disease

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35
Q

onset

A

the chronological age at which symptoms of a disease or disorder first appear in an individual

36
Q

Etiology

A

study of the cause of disease

37
Q

supernatural tradition

A

deviant behavior as a battle of good vs. evil

38
Q

Biological tradition

A

explanation of psychological dysfunction that primarily emphasizes brain disorder or illness as the cause

39
Q

Psychological tradition

A

Explanation of human behavior and its dysfunction that emphasizes the influence of the social environment

40
Q

moral theory

A

an explanation of what makes an action right/what makes a person good

41
Q

Psychoanalytic tradition

A

condlicts between id and superego
fixation in a psychosexual stage of development
Carl Jung
Alfred Adler
Erik Erikson

42
Q

Behavioral tradition

A

strong emphasis on learning
anti-mentalism
John B. Watson

43
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

44
Q

law of effect

A

Throndike’s rule that behaviors which have positive outcomes tend to be repeated

45
Q

Assumption og healthy normality

A

humans are, by nature, psychologically healthy

46
Q

Reductionism

A

to analyze a complex phenomenion in terms of the interactions of its parts

47
Q

Problems with Reductionism

A

Stifles scientific progress
fails to account for interacting influences of context

48
Q

Emergent phenomena

A

process in which complex phenomena arise through interactions of simpler pehenomena that do not display the same properties

49
Q

One dimensional model

A

explains behavior in terms of a single cause

50
Q

multi-dimensional model

A

explains behavior in terms of multiple causes

51
Q

Diathesis-stress model

A

a diagnositic model that proposes that a disorder may develop

52
Q

Gene-environment correlational model

A

genetic differences in exposure to particular environments

53
Q

dominant and recessive

A

dominant gene in pair overrtides recessive gene

54
Q

epigenetics

A

study of environmental influences on gene expression that cocur WITHOUT A a dna change

55
Q

Axon

A

extension of neuron,pass messages to other neurons

56
Q

Dendrites

A

brnachlike part of neurons that recieve information

57
Q

synapse

A

junction between the axon tip and the dendrite

58
Q

Action potential

A

a brief electircal charge that travels down an axon

59
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemicals the transmit information from one neuron to another

60
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

Controls involuntary activity of visceral muscles and internal organs and glands.
Peipheral nervous system

61
Q

parasympatheic nervous system

A

rest and digest

62
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controls body’s skeletal muscles
peripheral nervous syste

63
Q

learned helplessness

A

the behavior exhibited by a subject after enduring repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control

64
Q

effects of social relationships

A

strong social ties are linked to a longer life

65
Q

equifinality

A

different causes leads to one outcome

66
Q

multifinality

A

same cause leads to different outcomes

67
Q

diagnosis

A

process of determining weather a particular problem affecting the individual meets criteria for a psychological disorder

68
Q

structured interview

A

fixed set of questions.
pro: good at getting info
con: awkward

69
Q

semistructured interview

A

a guided open-ended interview
pro: ask whatever you want

70
Q

behavioral assessment

A

evaluating the client’s thoughts, feelings and behaviors

71
Q

reliaility

A

measure of repeated test or observation

72
Q

categorical approach

A

diagnosis is categorical, and a person is either in the cateogry or not

73
Q

dimensional approach

A

consider psychological disorders along a continuum

74
Q

prototypical approach

A

provides essential characteristics but allows for variation

75
Q

DSM - %

A
76
Q

psychological tests

A

procedures used to evaluate personality traits, emotional states,

77
Q

comborbidity

A

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in an individual

78
Q

hypothesis

A

a testable prediciton

79
Q

independent variable

A

variable that is manipulated

80
Q

dependent variable

A

variable that is being measured

81
Q

internal validtiy

A

cause-and0effect infrences from a study

82
Q

external valdity

A

we can generalize findings to real-world settings

83
Q

correlation

A

a meaure pf the relationship between two variables

84
Q

causation

A

event occur in predictiable ways that one event leads to another

85
Q

replication

A

repeasting research to determine the extent to which findings generalize across time and situations

Abnormal Psychology Exam 1 (1 decks)

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