Exam 1

Question 1

___% of angiosperms are pollinated by animals and ___% of crops are pollinated by insects (35% by bees)

Answer 1

90% of angiosperms are pollinated by animals and 38% of crops are pollinated by insects (35% by bees)

Question 2

_________
- 2008 - Green fluorescent protein
- 2002 - Gene regulation of organ development and programmed cell death
____ _____ and ____
- 2001 Key regulators of the cell cycle
______
- 2000 - Signal transduction in the nervous system
_________ (8 total)
- 2017 - Circadian Rhythm
- 1933 - Chromosomal inheritance
________
- 1973 - organization and elicitation of individual an social behavior patterns
_____
- 1963 Ionic mechanism involved in nerve impulse transmission

Answer 2

C. elgans
2008 - Green fluorescent protein
2002 - Gene regulation of organ development and programmed cell death
Sea urchin and clams
2001 Key regulators of the cell cycle
Aplasia
2000 - Signal transduction in the nervous system
Drosophila (8 total)
2017 - Circadian Rhythm
1933 - Chromosomal inheritance
Honeybee
1973 - organization and elicitation of individual an social behavior patterns
Squid
- 1963 Ionic mechanism involved in nerve impulse transmission

Question 3

4.5 billion years ago = ?

Answer 3

4.5 billion years ago = Earth forms

Question 4

___-___ bya = Fossil record forms, prokaryote-like cells appear

Answer 4

3.9-2.5 bya = Fossil record forms, prokaryote-like cells appear

Question 5

3.5 bya = Split of _______ and _______ (last universal common ancestor of life)

Answer 5

3.5 bya = Split of Archaea and bacterial (last universal common ancestor of life

Question 6

___ bya = Great Oxidation Event

Answer 6

2.5 bya = Great Oxidation Event

Question 7

__ bya = Unicellular eukaryotes

Answer 7

2 bya = Unicellular eukaryotes

Question 8

542-635 mya = Oldest ________ organism (some estimate 900 mya)

Answer 8

542-635 mya = Oldest multicellular organism (some estimate 900 mya)

Question 9

___ mya placozoa split

Answer 9

550 mya placozoa split

Question 10

____ mya = Cambian Explosion
- Lasted 20–25 million years, it resulted in the divergence of most modern metazoan phyla
- May be earlier (40 my earlier)
- All major phyla represented in Cambian fossils (____-____ mya)

Answer 10

542 mya = Cambian Explosion
- Lasted 20–25 million years, it resulted in the divergence of most modern metazoan phyla
- May be earlier (40 my earlier)
- All major phyla represented in Cambian fossils (525-540mya)

Question 11

450-440 mya = _______-_______ extinction
- (Two events occurred that killed off 27% of all families, 57% of all genera and 60% to 70% of all species, 2nd largest)
- Possible Causes: glaciation/anoxia/misc

Answer 11

450-440 mya = Ordovician–Silurian extinction
- (Two events occurred that killed off 27% of all families, 57% of all genera and 60% to 70% of all species, 2nd largest)
- Possible Causes: glaciation/anoxia/misc

Question 12

___-____ Mya = Late Devonian extinction
- (19% of all families, 50% of all genera and at least 70% of all species
- [Possible Causes: events occurred over long time period, so many possible events, anoxia, sea level changes, supernova

Answer 12

375–360 Mya = Late Devonian extinction
- (19% of all families, 50% of all genera and at least 70% of all species
- [Possible Causes: events occurred over long time period, so many possible events, anoxia, sea level changes, supernova

Question 13

___ Mya = Permian–Triassic extinction event
- (Largest extinction killed 57% of all families, 83% of all genera and 90% to 96% of all species; 96% marine inc. trilobites, 70% terrestrial inc any insects)
- gave rise to Archosaurs (birds/crocodilians, dinosaurs)
-Possible Causes: meteor impact, volcanos, methane, anoxia

Answer 13

252 Mya = Permian–Triassic extinction event
- (Largest extinction killed 57% of all families, 83% of all genera and 90% to 96% of all species; 96% marine inc. trilobites, 70% terrestrial inc any insects)
- gave rise to Archosaurs (birds/crocodilians, dinosaurs)
-Possible Causes: meteor impact, volcanos, methane, anoxia

Question 14

201.3 Mya = _____-_____ extinction event About 23% of all families, 48% of all genera (20% of marine families and 55% of marine genera) and 70% to 75% of all species became extinct
- Allowed dinosaurs to rise in dominance
-Possible Causes: gradual climate change, meteor impact, volcanoes

Answer 14

201.3 Mya = Triassic–Jurassic extinction event About 23% of all families, 48% of all genera (20% of marine families and 55% of marine genera) and 70% to 75% of all species became extinct
- Allowed dinosaurs to rise in dominance
-Possible Causes: gradual climate change, meteor impact, volcanoes

Question 15

___ Mya = Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (About 17% of all families, 50% of all genera[8] and 75% of all species became extinct
-Seas: ammonites, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs disappear, land: non-avian dinosaurs disappear with mammals and birds emerging
-Possible Cause: Meteor impact (Chicxulub crater)

Answer 15

66 Mya = Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (About 17% of all families, 50% of all genera[8] and 75% of all species became extinct
-Seas: ammonites, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs disappear, land: non-avian dinosaurs disappear with mammals and birds emerging
-Possible Cause: Meteor impact (Chicxulub crater)

Question 16

How are Invertebrates Classified? (Hint: 7 ways)

Answer 16

Cell Number: Unicellular vs Multicellular
General Body Form
Germ Layers
Body Cavity
Embryonic pattern
Evolutionary Relationship
Habitat & Lifestyle

Question 17

___________ are unicellular organisms with a flagellum that form colony-like structures that form on a stalk. Sponges have similar cells called _____ ____ or choanocytes

Answer 17

Choanoflagellates are unicellular organisms with a flagellum that form colony-like structures that form on a stalk. Sponges have similar cells called collar cells or choanocytes

Question 18

________ – development of sensory structures and nervous system with coordinating center in one location (head).

Answer 18

Cephalization – development of sensory structures and nervous system with coordinating center in one location (head).