Exam 1 Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT a good genetic model?
a. Arabidopsis. thaliana (flowering plant)
b. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)
C. elegans (worm)
d. E. coli (bacteria)
e. Homo Sapiens (Humans
E
This type of geneticist is primarily interested in studying the inheritance patterns of traits from one generation to the next in individuals.
Population geneticist
Traits are usually determined by ______.
both the environment and genes.
According to the Central Dogma, which is the correct direction of information flow?
DNA –> RNA –> Protein
All of the following are domains of life EXCEPT______.
a. bacteria
b. eukarya
c. archaea
d. plants
d. plants
All of the following are parts of a nucleotide, EXCEPT____.
peptide
Which of the following strands will be complementary with this sequence: GCAT (for this question don’t worry about 5’ or 3’)
CGTA
Alternative versions of a gene are called _____.
alleles
Which of the following is correct regarding purines and pyrimidines?
Pyrimidines are double ring structures
Before we knew what molecule was the genetic material, scientists reasoned that the genetic material had to have four criteria. Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria?
The genetic material must be either DNA or RNA.
In the Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty experiments, which treatment prevented transformation?
DNAse
In the Hershey Chase experiment, they used radioactive phosphorous to label DNA. Why?
Because phosphorous is found mainly in DNA and rarely in proteins
The genetic material in the tobacco mosaic virus is _____.
RNA
All of the following had an important role in discovering the structure of DNA. Which one did NOT share the Nobel Prize for their contribution?
Rosalind Franklin
You are looking at a chromosome, but are unsure if it is a eukaryotic or a bacterial chromosome. Which feature below would strongly suggest that you are looking at a eukaryotic chromosome and not a bacterial chromosome?
Presence of telomeres
Which histone protein is called a linker histone and is NOT part of the histone octamer of a nucleosome?
H1
Which type of chromatin would you find genes that are actively being transcribed (genes that are activated to make proteins)?
Euchromatin
What macromolecule types are included in the chromatin? A) Only DNA B) Only RNA C) Only Proteins D) Only DNA and RNA E) Both DNA and Proteins
Both DNA and Proteins
There were three proposed models for DNA replication. Which is the model that Meselson and Stahl’s data supported?
Semi-conservative
The enzyme, shown here at the green arrow, that is breaking the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands, is called _______.
DNA Helicase
During DNA replication DNA is always read in the _________ direction and new DNA is always synthesized in the ________ direction.
3’ to 5’ and 5’ to 3’
How is eukaryotic DNA replication different than bacterial DNA replication?
Eukaryotic DNA replication requires the enzyme telomerase to replicate its ends, but bacterial cells do not use telomerase.
Which of the following is true regarding PCR?
a. PCR is similar to how cells make proteins from RNA.
b. During the elongation stage of PCR the double strands pull a part.
c. PCR stands for pretty cool reaction
d. During the annealing stage of PCR the primers bind to the DNA template.
e. PCR requires placing a plasmid in a bacterial cell.
d. During the annealing stage of PCR, the primers bind to the DNA template. d.
After the initiation of replication, the protein ________ will bind to the origin of replication to prevent additional rounds of replication from the same origin?
Geminin
Which eukaryotic DNA polymerase is associated with replicating mitochondrial DNA?
gamma (g)
In a research lab, one can make copies of DNA sequences using an in vitro or in vivo technique. Which of these techniques is PCR?
in vitro
This chapter dealt mainly with replication in bacteria and eukaryotes. Less is known about archaeal replication, but data support which of the following.
Archaeal replication is more similar to eukaryotic replication.
A bacterium that is met- (mutation in the MET gene) cannot synthesize its own methionine. This bacterium is ______.
Auxotrophic for methionine
Which horizontal gene transfer mechanism requires physical contact between two different bacterial cells?
Conjugation
Which of the following is true of a F+ bacterium?
F+ bacteria can conjugate with F- bacteria.
What is the name of the structure that forms during conjugation?
sex pilius
_____ is a fertility plasmid that contains a portion of the bacterial chromosomal genome.
F’
Which form of bacterial gene transfer is likely involved if a living bacterium takes DNA directly from the environment (i.e. the DNA is in the medium)?
Transformation
Which viral reproductive cycle is occurring if the viral genome is inserted into the host cell’s chromosome and the host cell continues to survive and divide?
Lysogenic
All of the following are purposes of plasmids, EXCEPT _____.
a. Some plasmids provide fertility
b. Some plasmids initiate chromosome replication.
c. Some plasmids provide resistance to antibiotics.
d. Some plasmids function in degrading specific substances.
b.
What is the name of the virus that infects bacteria?
bacteriophage
Which horizontal gene transfer mechanism requires a virus to transfer the DNA?
transduction
