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Bio 212 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which of the following is NOT a good genetic model​?
a. Arabidopsis. thaliana (flowering plant)​
b. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)​
C. elegans (worm)​
d. E. coli (bacteria)​
e. Homo Sapiens (Humans

A

E

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2
Q

This type of geneticist is primarily interested in studying the inheritance patterns of traits from one generation to the next in individuals.​

A

Population geneticist

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3
Q

Traits are usually determined by ______.​

A

both the environment and genes.​

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4
Q

According to the Central Dogma, which is the correct direction of information flow?​

A

DNA –> RNA –> Protein ​

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5
Q

All of the following are domains of life EXCEPT______. ​
a. bacteria
b. eukarya
c. archaea
d. plants

A

d. plants

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6
Q

All of the following are parts of a nucleotide, EXCEPT____.​

A

peptide

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7
Q

Which of the following strands will be complementary with this sequence: GCAT (for this question don’t worry about 5’ or 3’)​

A

CGTA​

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8
Q

Alternative versions of a gene are called _____.​

A

alleles​

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9
Q

Which of the following is correct regarding purines and pyrimidines?​

A

Pyrimidines are double ring structures​

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10
Q

Before we knew what molecule was the genetic material, scientists reasoned that the genetic material had to have four criteria. Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria?

A

The genetic material must be either DNA or RNA.

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11
Q

In the Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty experiments, which treatment prevented transformation?

A

DNAse

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12
Q

In the Hershey Chase experiment, they used radioactive phosphorous to label DNA. Why?

A

Because phosphorous is found mainly in DNA and rarely in proteins

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13
Q

The genetic material in the tobacco mosaic virus is _____.

A

RNA

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14
Q

All of the following had an important role in discovering the structure of DNA. Which one did NOT share the Nobel Prize for their contribution?

A

Rosalind Franklin

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15
Q

You are looking at a chromosome, but are unsure if it is a eukaryotic or a bacterial chromosome. Which feature below would strongly suggest that you are looking at a eukaryotic chromosome and not a bacterial chromosome?

A

Presence of telomeres

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16
Q

Which histone protein is called a linker histone and is NOT part of the histone octamer of a nucleosome?

A

H1

17
Q

Which type of chromatin would you find genes that are actively being transcribed (genes that are activated to make proteins)?

A

Euchromatin

18
Q

What macromolecule types are included in the chromatin? A) Only DNA B) Only RNA C) Only Proteins D) Only DNA and RNA E) Both DNA and Proteins

A

Both DNA and Proteins

19
Q

There were three proposed models for DNA replication. Which is the model that Meselson and Stahl’s data supported?

A

Semi-conservative

20
Q

The enzyme, shown here at the green arrow, that is breaking the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands, is called _______.

A

DNA Helicase

21
Q

During DNA replication DNA is always read in the _________ direction and new DNA is always synthesized in the ________ direction.

A

3’ to 5’ and 5’ to 3’

22
Q

How is eukaryotic DNA replication different than bacterial DNA replication?​ ​

A

Eukaryotic DNA replication requires the enzyme telomerase to replicate its ends, but bacterial cells do not use telomerase.

23
Q

Which of the following is true regarding PCR?​
a. PCR is similar to how cells make proteins from RNA. ​
b. During the elongation stage of PCR the double strands pull a part.​
c. PCR stands for pretty cool reaction​
d. During the annealing stage of PCR the primers bind to the DNA template. ​
e. PCR requires placing a plasmid in a bacterial cell.

A

d. During the annealing stage of PCR, the primers bind to the DNA template. ​d.

24
Q

After the initiation of replication, the protein ________ will bind to the origin of replication to prevent additional rounds of replication from the same origin? ​

A

Geminin​

25
Q

Which eukaryotic DNA polymerase is associated with replicating mitochondrial DNA?​

A

gamma (g)

26
Q

In a research lab, one can make copies of DNA sequences using an in vitro or in vivo technique. Which of these techniques is PCR?​

A

in vitro

27
Q

This chapter dealt mainly with replication in bacteria and eukaryotes. Less is known about archaeal replication, but data support which of the following. ​

A

Archaeal replication is more similar to eukaryotic replication.​

28
Q

A bacterium that is met- (mutation in the MET gene) cannot synthesize its own methionine. This bacterium is ______.

A

Auxotrophic for methionine

29
Q

Which horizontal gene transfer mechanism requires physical contact between two different bacterial cells?

A

Conjugation

30
Q

Which of the following is true of a F+ bacterium?

A

F+ bacteria can conjugate with F- bacteria.

31
Q

What is the name of the structure that forms during conjugation?

A

sex pilius

32
Q

_____ is a fertility plasmid that contains a portion of the bacterial chromosomal genome.

A

F’

33
Q

Which form of bacterial gene transfer is likely involved if a living bacterium takes DNA directly from the environment (i.e. the DNA is in the medium)?

A

Transformation

34
Q

Which viral reproductive cycle is occurring if the viral genome is inserted into the host cell’s chromosome and the host cell continues to survive and divide?

A

Lysogenic

35
Q

All of the following are purposes of plasmids, EXCEPT _____.
a. Some plasmids provide fertility
b. Some plasmids initiate chromosome replication.
c. Some plasmids provide resistance to antibiotics.
d. Some plasmids function in degrading specific substances.

A

b.

36
Q

What is the name of the virus that infects bacteria?

A

bacteriophage

37
Q

Which horizontal gene transfer mechanism requires a virus to transfer the DNA?

A

transduction

Bio 212 (1 decks)

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