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BIO 315 EXAM 1 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe what a cell is
Give examples
What’s it’s basic functions

A

Cell’s are the smallest living units in our bodies
The three components that make up a cell are the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm and the nucleus

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2
Q

Tissues of the body are defined as?

A

a clump of cells that perform similar functions
This included epithelial, connective, nervous and muscles tissue

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3
Q

Which structures are made up of fibrocartilage?

A
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4
Q

What is in the axial region?

A

The head, neck and and trunk (neck to pelvic area)

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5
Q

What is in the appendicular region?

A

The limbs, its what sticks out

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6
Q

Describe intermediate

A

Your collarbone is intermediate to your breastbone and shoulder

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7
Q

Describe proximal

A

Your elbow is proximal to your wrist
Means your elbow is above your wrist

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8
Q

Describe distal

A

Your knee is distal to your thigh
Means your knee is below your thigh

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9
Q

What is your frontal plane
What is your medial plane
What is your transverse plane

A

Your frontal plane separates your anterior and posterior side
Your medial plane separates your left and right
Your transverse place separates the top and bottom

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10
Q

what are the different body cavities and which organs are present?

A

Dorsal Body Cavity
- Cranial cavity = contains the brain
- vertebral cavity = contains the spine

Ventral Body Cavity
-thoracic cavity = contains 3 parts
- two lateral sides, each containing a lung
- one mediastinum, contains the heart
- abdominopelvic cavity = contains 2 parts
- abdominal cavity, contains liver, stomach, intestines kidneys and others
- pelvic cavity, contains the bladder, rectum and some reproductive organs

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11
Q

what are ventral cavities an what lines them?

A

Ventral cavities are serous cavities that are lined by serous membranes

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12
Q

What are some serous membranes

A

mesothelium ( lines the middle of cavities)
Parietal serosa (the outer wall that lines the pericardium, the heart)
Visceral serosa (the wall that covers the pericardium, the heart)

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13
Q

What is a pluripotent cell?

A

A stem cell that comes directly from a somatic cell (inherited chromosome)

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14
Q

What is the difference between a undifferentiated cell and a differentiated cell?

A

Undifferentiated cell is a stem cell, which can be used for many purposes
Differentiated cell is a specialized cell that has a specific function, this occurs why an alternated gen is expressed in response it the environment

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15
Q

What steps do you take to prepare a tissue for viewing under a microscope?

A

First you have to preserve the sample, based on what microscope you will you decides that chemicals used.
- formaldehyde is used for light microscopy
- Glutaraldehyde
- Paraformaldehyde
- Osmium tetroxide all are used for electron microscopy

Second, you slice the sample into thin portions
- one sample for each body plane

Third, you stain the sample to see the different anatomical structures

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16
Q

How does an X-ray work?

A

it uses short waves and a negative image

17
Q

How does a CT/CAT scan work?

A

It uses the same technique as an X-ray, but takes 12 X-rays and pieces them together to form an image

18
Q

How does PET scan work?

A

Uses radioactive isotopes, forms a thermo image

19
Q

How does an MRI work?

A

Produces high quality waves to get a clear image of tissues
Uses radiowaves

20
Q

How does Ultrasound imaging work?

A

Uses high frequency sound waves that echo off the body

21
Q

What composes the plasma membrane?

A

A phospholipid bi layer of carbs, proteins and cholesterol

22
Q

How do large molecules get into the plasma membrane since its selectively permeable

A

Through Endocytosis and Exocytosis

23
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Its how larger molecules get into the plasma membrane

24
Q

What are the three ways endocytosis is carried out?

A

Phagocytosis - the entire solid large particle is eaten
Pinocytosis - the smaller particles are eating
Receptor mediated endocytosis - used specific molecules

25
Q

what is exocytosis?

A

It does the maintenance, helps clean out the particles in the cell
The reverse of endocytosis
the substance is enclosed in a vesicle, then gets migrated to the plasma membrane, there protein vesicles (v-SNARES) bind with the membrane proteins (t-SNARES), then exits the particles

26
Q

What does the Golgi do?

A

Sorts out the proteins coming from the ER
Sends them off the secretory vesicles in the plasma membrane OR Lysosomes/Peroxisomes OR is secreted by exocytosis

27
Q

How is the matrix of the mitochondria folded?

A

Into cristae

28
Q

What is the fixed ribosome?

A

Its attached to the rough ER to secrete protiens

29
Q

What is the free ribosome?

A

Its where the non-secreted proteins go, seen in the cytosol

30
Q

What makes up the cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments (smallest protein structure, they are tight coils made on actin) Microtubules (largest hollow proteins that contain tubulin)
Intermediate filaments (licorice shaped)

31
Q

What are centrioles?

A

They assist in cillia and come in pairs of 9 triplets to make 27
They are the basal body

32
Q

What is the Chromatin made of?

A

Histone proteins and DNA

33
Q

Describe the epithelial tissue

A

Its the covering / lining of a hollow organ or body cavity

34
Q

What is the basal lamina?

A

its a non-supportive sheet between the connective tissue and epithelial tissue,

35
Q

What are the three cell junctions?

A

Gap junctions - connected the cells through a canal
Tight junctions - a tight interlocked area with no space, like a lock and key
Desmosomes - create a chain like connection, connections through plaque (spider legs)

36
Q

What does endothelium line?

A

The heart and blood vessels

37
Q

What does the mesothelium line?

A

BIO 315 EXAM 1 (1 decks)

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