exam 1 Flashcards
Psych means
soul
Logos(ology)
the study of a subject
what are the origins of psychology
- philosophy
- physiology: bio
who is the founder of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
what is consciousness?
the awareness of immediate experience
what are the two major schools of thought?
- structuralism (Edward Titchener)
- functionalism(William James)
An example of structuralism is
“what” : an apple is red
An example of functionalism is
“why”: an apple is red: the color of the apple
Focus on the unconscious (Sigmund Freud)
thoughts, memories, and desires that are very bellow awareness but influence behavior
what is introspection?
self examination
what is psychoanalytic theory or psychoanalysis?
peoples unconscious behaviors can influence personality, motivation, and mental disorders
what is an example of behaviorism(John B Watson)?
positive reinforcement (a student gets a small treat if they get 100% on their spelling test)
Observational behavior
something you can see like crying or someones leg shaking because they are nervous
what is an example of humanism
the belief that the person creates their own set of ethics
clinical psychology
a field focused on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders
B.F Skinners work was
- he believed that actions are controlled by the environment, not on peoples conscious decisions
- he also believed “free will” or peoples ability to make choices in life is just an illusion
what is the difference between psychologists and psychiatrists?
Psychologists: studying and understanding mental processes, brain function, and behavior
Psychiatrists: mental doctor that diagnosis and treats mental, emotional and behavioral disorders
Cognition
mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge
what is cognitive perspective?
peoples mental processes can influence how they behave
cultural diversity
western psychologist in the 1980s became interested in how culture affects behaviors
evolutionary psychology
behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations
psychology defined today
the science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie behavior and it is the profession that applies that accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems
what are the seven unifying themes in psychology?
- psychology is empirical
- psychology is theoretically diverse
- psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context
- behavior determined by multiple causes
- behavior shaped by culture
- heredity and environment jointly influence behavior
- experiences are subjective
what is the research enterprise?
the objective process of planning out and conducting a project