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concept 2 exam 1 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

BUN labs test?

A

kidney function

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2
Q

CO2 labs test?

A

blood bicarbonate level

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3
Q

creatinine labs test

A

kidney function

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4
Q

bilirubin labs test

A

liver function

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5
Q

albumin labs test

A

liver function

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6
Q

hypovolemia is

A

decrease in blood volume due to body fluid or blood loss

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7
Q

ADH is also known as

A

vasopressin

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8
Q

potassium normal range

A

3.5-5

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9
Q

sodium normal

A

136-145

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10
Q

calcium normal (call police)

A

9-11

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11
Q

magnesium normal (magnifying glass)

A

1.5 to 2.5

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12
Q

hypokalemia is critical for adult s when below

A

3

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13
Q

which medication most commonly can cause hypokalemia

A

potassium-wasting diuretics

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14
Q

what type of monitoring should a patient be on when being given IV potassium

A

ECG monitoring

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15
Q

most common cause of hyperkalemia

A

renal failure

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16
Q

hemodialysis is

A

filtering waste from blood using a machine

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17
Q

medication that most commonly causes hyponatremia

A

thiazide diuretics

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18
Q

medications that cause hypocalcemia

A

-stimulant laxatives
-long term glucocorticoid use
-loop diuretics

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19
Q

function of PTH

A

maintain proper amount of calcium in body

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20
Q

osteopenia is

A

low bone mass

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21
Q

osteopenia is caused by

A

hypocalcemia

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22
Q

cardio manifestations of hypocalcemia

A

chest pain
dysrhythmia
heart failure
syncope

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23
Q

neuromuscular manifestations of hypocalcemia

A

-numbness/tingle in fingers, toes & around mouth
-muscle cramp
-back/LE spasms

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24
Q

neurologic manifestations of hypocalcemia

A

confusion
depression
psychosis
dementia
lethargy
seizures
personality changes

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25
Q

resp manifestations of hypocalcemia

A

wheezing
spasms of larynx & airway
dysphagia
voice changes

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26
Q

integumentary manifestations of hypocalcemia

A

coarse hair
hair loss
brittle nails
dry skin
itching

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27
Q

chvostek sign

A

tap cheek
twitching=positive

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28
Q

trousseau sign

A

inflate blood pressure cuff to 20 above pts systolic BP for 3-5
hand/finger flex=positive

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29
Q

most common causes of hypercalcemia

A

hyperparathyroidism
cancer

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30
Q

hypercalcemia manifestations mnemonic

A

abdominal moans
painful bones
kidney stones
groans
neurologic overtones

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31
Q

hypotonic treats

A

hypernatremia
diabetic ketoacidosis

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32
Q

monitor for what when giving hypotonic

A

hypotension

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33
Q

dont give hypotonic to

A

burn pt
liver disease
increased intracranial pressure

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34
Q

type of hypotonic solution

A

0.45% NaCl

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35
Q

hypertonic solutions

A

-3% sodium chloride
-dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride (D51/2NS)
-dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride solution (D5NS)
-dextrose 5% in lactated ringers solution (D5LR)
-dextrose 10% in water (D10W)

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36
Q

3% sodium chloride treats

A

cerebral edema
symptomatic hyponatremia

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37
Q

D51/2NS used for

A

maintenance IV fluid
hypovolemia

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38
Q

monitor D51/2NS for

A

fluid overload

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39
Q

D5NS used to

A

provide electrolytes, water and calories

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40
Q

monitor D5NS for

A

fluid overload

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41
Q

D5LR used to

A

provide calories, electrolytes, and water
treat metabolic acidosis

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42
Q

D10W used for

A

hypoglycemia
provides calories and water

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43
Q

D10W precautions

A

-use central line (avoid phlebitis or thrombosis)
-infuse slowly (avoid hyperglycemia, fluid overload, pulmonary edema)

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44
Q

monitor D10W for

A

new onset confusion or loss of consciousness

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45
Q

hypertonic solutions are contraindicated in

A

cardiac or renal disease

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46
Q

isotonic solutions

A

0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl)
Lactated ringers (LR)
Dextrose 5% in water (D5W)

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47
Q

NaCl is used for

A

IV fluids for vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhage and shock

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48
Q

LR are used for

A

burn & trauma
hypovolemia
acute blood loss
electrolyte imbalance
metabolic acidosis

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49
Q

use LR cautiously w

A

renal failure pt

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50
Q

D5W is used for

A

hypernatremia

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51
Q

D5W contraindicated in

A

resuscitation
early pre-op period
renal & cardiac issues
increased intracranial pressure

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52
Q

peripheral catheters range from

A

14-24 gauge

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53
Q

catheters become narrow as

A

the gauge number increases

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54
Q

CVAD are flushed with what to prevent clots

A

saline or low concentrated heparin

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55
Q

manifestations of phlebitis

A

-pain at site
-swelling
-redness
-fever
-palpable cord along vein

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56
Q

vesicants are

A

irritating to veins

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57
Q

pH of 0 is

A

strongly acidic

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58
Q

pH of 14 is

A

strongly alkaline

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59
Q

pH of 7 is

A

neutral

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60
Q

pH lower than 7 is

A

acidic

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61
Q

pH higher than 7 is

A

alkaline

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62
Q

expected pH range

A

7.35-7.45

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63
Q

arterial blood gas (ABG) labs test

A

acid base balance in body

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64
Q

PaCO2 is

A

partial pressure of carbon dioxide

65
Q

HCO3- is

A

bicarbonate

66
Q

PaCO2 range

A

35-45

67
Q

HCO3- range

A

21-28

68
Q

PaO2 range

A

80-100

69
Q

O2 sat range

A

95-100

70
Q

high acidity = ____ pH

A

low pH

71
Q

high alkalinity = ___pH

A

high pH

72
Q

acidosis is

A

high acid

73
Q

alkalosis is

A

high alkaline

74
Q

acidosis =

A

low pH

75
Q

alkalosis =

A

high pH

76
Q

high PaCO2 =

A

respiratory acidosis

77
Q

low PaCO2 =

A

respiratory alkalosis

78
Q

low HCO3- =

A

metabolic acidosis

79
Q

high HCO3- =

A

metabolic alkalosis

80
Q

metabolic = abnormal __

A

HCO3-

81
Q

respiratory = abnormal __

A

PaCO2

82
Q

resp acidosis causes

A

CNS depression
pulmonary diseases

83
Q

resp alkalosis caused by

A

hyperventilation

84
Q

diarrhea causes

A

metabolic acidosis

85
Q

blood can be administered over

A

1-4 hrs

86
Q

action for starting IV for pt with high bleeding risk

A

apply BP cuff set to 30 mm Hg to protect from bruising and bleeding

87
Q

extravasation is

A

when vesicant med or fluid gets into surrounding tissue

88
Q

circulatory overload can cause

A

weight gain

89
Q

reviewing labs is what step in nursing process

A

evaluation

90
Q

O+ blood types can only receive blood from

A

other type O blood types

91
Q

A- blood types can give blood to

A

A+, A-, AB-, AB+

92
Q

PICC lines are inserted into

A

large veins

93
Q

hypoxia is

A

low O2

94
Q

malignant hyperthermia is

A

sever rxn to meds given during anesthesia

95
Q

tobacco use before surgery puts pt at risk of

A

blood clots
MI
death
infections
slow wound healing

96
Q

PACU stands for

A

post anesthesia care unit

97
Q

atelectasis is

A

collapse of lung during expansion

98
Q

dehiscence is

A

wound opens up

99
Q

treatment for dehiscence

A

antibiotics
frequent dressing changes
keeping wound open

100
Q

evisceration is

A

organs coming out of wound

101
Q

oliguria is

A

low urine output

102
Q

why are pts NPO before surgery

A

to decrease intraoperative vomiting and aspiration

103
Q

condition that places pt at risk for life threatening event during surgery and requires prophylactic measures

A

malignant hyperthermia

104
Q

hydration after surgery decreases risk of

A

clots
cardiovascular complications

105
Q

footwear recommended for post op pts

A

nonskid footwear

106
Q

organization that promores surgery pt safety

A

association of perioperative RN (AORN)

107
Q

regional anesthesia affects

A

area of body

108
Q

local anesthesia affects

A

motor and sensory nerves at surgical site

109
Q

epidural anesthesia is used for

A

abdominal and thoracic surgeries

110
Q

devices prescribed to decrease VTE risk

A

sequential compression devices

111
Q

scrubbing surgical site steps

A
  1. scrub in circle w antiseptic
  2. start at center and move outward
  3. scrub outer edge and throw away sponge
  4. repeat process w new sponge
  5. drape client
112
Q

ileus is

A

post op abdominal surgery complication w decreased bowel sounds, nausea, discomfort

113
Q

hospice care

A

dying patients w under 6 months to live

114
Q

hospice is generally delivers in

A

pts home or family home

115
Q

respite care

A

support for family/caregivers

116
Q

palliative care

A

care for patients approaching death or that have chronic illness

117
Q

alzheimers and parkinsons fall under

A

palliative care

118
Q

death rattle is

A

sound of retention of secretions in respiratory tract

119
Q

cheyne-stokes respiration

A

breathing pattern cycles that start w rapid shallow breaths and increase to deep breaths ending w apnea

120
Q

apnea is

A

breathing starts and stops during sleep

121
Q

3 step ladder of palliative care pain management

A

nsaids
codeine or tramadol
morphine

122
Q

nonpharmacologic interventions for pain

A

diversion
relaxation exercises
massage therapy

123
Q

mottling is

A

purple/red marbling in skin before death

124
Q

how to manage mottling

A

provide warm blanket

125
Q

how to manage cheyne stokes respirations

A

have fan blow in pt direction

126
Q

how to manage hallucinations

A

reassurance
avoid denial of sensations

127
Q

how to manage death rattle

A

turn pt on their side

128
Q

identification tags should be placed on a minimum of

A

2 areas of the pts body

129
Q

prolonged grief lasts

A

longer than 6 months

130
Q

disenfranchised grief is

A

grief when pet dies

131
Q

wordens 4 tasks of mourning

A

accept
acknowledge
adjust
reinvest

132
Q

isotonic range

A

270-300 mOsm/L

133
Q

hypertonic range

A

> 300 mOsm/L

134
Q

hypotonic range

A

<270 mOsm/L

135
Q

dehydrated rnage

A

> 300 mOsm/L (hypertonic)

136
Q

symptoms of dehydrationn

A

fever
low BP
high pulse

137
Q

hyperkalemia causes

A

arrhythmias

138
Q

is vitamin k potassium

A

no

139
Q

hypokalemia risk factors

A

diuretics
excessive laxative use
nausea & vomiting
NG tube

140
Q

hyperkalemia risk factors

A

spironolactone
kidney disease
high potassium diet
-pril meds
-sartan meds
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
salt substitutes (contain potassium)

141
Q

calcium relaxes

A

heart
muscles

142
Q

hypercalcemia symptoms

A

bradycardia
drowsiness
fatigue
lethargy

143
Q

hypocalcemia symptoms

A

seizures
tachycardia
restlessness

144
Q

where would a bed ridden patient have edema

A

sacrum area

145
Q

how does insulin affect potassium

A

decreases potassium

146
Q

pedialyte is a form of what therapy

A

oral rehydratoin therapy

147
Q

can you give oral rehydration to vomiting pt

A

yes still absorbed

148
Q

pH of 1 is

A

most acidic

149
Q

pH of 14

A

most alkaline

150
Q

ph of 7.0

A

neutral

151
Q

what organs control pH

A

kidneys
lungs

152
Q

how many liters of oxygen can a COPD get

A

no more than 4 L

153
Q

phlebitis

A

vein inflammation

154
Q

infiltration

A

when IV solution leaks into tissues around vein

155
Q

thrombosis

A

blood clot formation

156
Q

how long can you leave SPC cath

A

72 hrs

157
Q

Midline cath timing

A

2-4 wks

158
Q

indication of nerve puncture

A

pins and needles sensation

concept 2 exam 1 (1 decks)

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