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Intro to psych > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is psychological Science

A

The study of the mind and body, complex behavior, and the critical analysis of the human experience

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2
Q

Structuralism

A

William Wundt
Studied the basic elements that make top conscious mental experiences

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3
Q

Functionalist

A

William James
a psychologist who studied the function instead of consciousness and behavior
opened the door to the study of individual differences

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4
Q

Behaviorism

A

B.F. Skinner
Introduced the concept of reinforcement
consequences to a behavior to be repeated

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5
Q

psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund freud
An analysis of the thoughts, feelings, beliefs, exoeriences, behaviors, or problems of an individual

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6
Q

Inheritance and evolution

A

Sir Francis Galton
began the study of family lineage and identical twins

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7
Q

Positive psychology

A

Martin Seligman
Focused on enhancing and enriching your life

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8
Q

Natural observation studies

A

Watch and record ongoing behavior
Goal is to notice patterns and relationships

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9
Q

Correlation studies

A

Designed to quantify relationships between two varibles
Need to know both the magnitude and the direction of the coefficient to interpret the correlation

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10
Q

Experimental studies

A

a scientific protocol that allows the researcher to more directly address important experimental questions

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11
Q

Ethical guidelines

A

Human participants
consent required
IRB must approve
must establish benefit:risk ration

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12
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

Brains are adaptive to the experiences of the organism; in this sense, you are the producer of your own brain function.
Adaptive brain functioning is present throughout the lifespan.
Neural plasticity is an ongoing and intense area of research in psychological science.

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13
Q

Parts of a neuron

A

Dendrites, Axon, Myelin sheath, Synapse

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14
Q

Dendrites

A

Receives impulses from other neurons
contains thousands of spines that are a function of genetics but also diet
More branching increases likelihood of “firing”

part of the neuron

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15
Q

The axon

A

Long arm extending away from nucleus
terminates at synapse
electrical impulse goes down to axon to next cell

part of neuron

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16
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Fatty tissue
increases transmission speed in the axon

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17
Q

Synapse

A

space between axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another
nerve impulse must jump this space to fire adjacent neuron
neurotransmitters assist in their flow of information

part of a neuron

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18
Q

Action potential

A

Action potentials are neural responses that cross the threshold for firing

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19
Q

Resting potential

A

axon is negatively charged on inside, positive charged on outside, Polarized - at rest

20
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals that are released into synaptic space during an action potential
Bind to receptors sites on specific adjoining cells
Neurotransmitters then diminish by absorption and/or dissolution
Can be either excitatory or inhibitory in their action; Example Dopamine
Too much=schizophrenia
Too little= parkinson’s disease
Drugs can affect this reuptake process, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) create more serotonin at the synapse

21
Q

Central nervous system

A

Nerve fibers run from spinal cord to the brain

22
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system work together

23
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

involved in arousal and increasing energy in the system

24
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

involved in decreasing arousal, increasing focused attention, calming

25
Q

Medulla

A

bottom most part of brain
Affects respiration, heart rate, reflexes

26
Q

Pons

A

Brainstem
Sleep and dream regulation, balance

27
Q

Cerebellum

A

back of the spinal cord
motor control, balance, nonverbal learning and memory

28
Q

Reticular formation

A

located in the brainstem
Arousal and attention, vagal nerve regulation

29
Q

Limbic system

A

Location: deep within the brain
Hypothalamus -reward center
Hippocampus- new memory/learning
Amygdala- emotions (aggression, fear)

30
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

two hemispheres
four major lobes

31
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Motor control (selective attention)
Sequencing; planning
emotional regualtion
self regulation

32
Q

Pariental lobes

A

Motor cortex; sends signals out to muscles
Somatosensory cortex; recientes signals from sensory receptors

33
Q

Temporal lobes

A

Auditory complex
Broca’s area: productive speech
Wernicke’s are: receptive speech, understanding speech
sensory integration

34
Q

Occipital Lobes

A

Visual cortex
identification of form color and orientation
sensory integration

35
Q

Right hemisphere

A

Emotions, especially negative ones
Visual/ spatial relations

36
Q

Left hemisphere

A

Language (productive and receptive)
Practice motor sequences (playing an instrument)

37
Q

Sexual selection

A

Traits and behaviors that are designed to attract makes; in non humans this results in interesting behavior patterns

38
Q

Culture

A

behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group and passed onto the next generation

39
Q

Theory

A

an explanation of an aspect of the natural world and universe

40
Q

double blind study

A

A type of clinical trial in which neither the participants nor the researcher knows which treatment or intervention participants are receiving until the clinical trial is over.

41
Q

hormones

A

a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action

42
Q

corpus callosum

A

permits communication between the right and left sides of the brain

43
Q

Neurogenesis

A

the process by which new neurons are formed in the brain

44
Q

Interaction

A

the development of cooperation and competition, the influence of status and social roles, and the dynamics of group behavior, leadership, and conformity.

45
Q

Epigentics

A

the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work

46
Q

Social script

A

a series of behaviors, actions, and consequences that are expected in a particular situation or environment

47
Q

Modern Synthesis

A

the fusion (merger) of Mendelian genetics with Darwinian evolution that resulted in a unified theory of evolution.

Intro to psych (2 decks)

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