Exam 1

Question 1

Scientific Theory

Answer 1

carefully-formulated proposition, based on observations, and supported by an accumulation of experimental data

Question 2

What does hypothesis based science require?

Answer 2

Control groups

Question 3

When the atoms involved in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity, what type of bond results?

Answer 3

Non polar

Question 4

Order of operations for the scientific method

Answer 4

make an observation, repeat the experiment, communicate the results, proper experimental design

Question 5

Emergent Properties Theme

Answer 5

It suggests that life’s basic characteristic is having a high degree of order.
Everything from cells to the biosphere has a structured, hierarchal organization.
The sum is greater than its constituent parts.
Large, complex molecules are built from tiny, simple molecules.

Question 6

Cell Theory

Answer 6

made up of one or more cells, come from pre-existing cells, and the cell is the basic unit of structure

Question 7

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 7

from a number of observations, a general conclusion is drawn

Question 8

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 8

from a general premise, specific results are predicted

Question 9

Requirements for living organisms

Answer 9

Growth - increase in size
Reproduction - produce new organisms
Homeostasis - maintain a stable internal environment
Sense and respond to stimuli
Obtain/use energy (metabolism)
Most obtain energy from food or the sun
Chemical reaction convert food into useable energy
Evolutionary adaptation
Order

Question 10

Which type of bond has the largest difference in the electronegativity of the atoms being joined?

Answer 10

Ionic

Question 11

14Carbon

Answer 11

6 protons and is unstable

Question 12

A molecule that is polar…

Answer 12

usually dissolves easily in water

Question 13

Water polarity

Answer 13

can make up to 4 hydrogen bonds
versatile solvent
causes other polar molecules to be hydrophilic

Question 14

Buffers

Answer 14

accept H+ ions when pH is low and donate H+ ions when pH is high

Question 15

Hypothesis

Answer 15

Must be testable, falsifiable (capacity to be proven wrong), and verifiable (someone else can do the experiment and get the same answer)

Question 16

The Origin of Species (Darwin 1859)

Answer 16

Descent with modification (genetics)
Natural selection (ecology)

Question 17

Unity of Life

Answer 17

DNA, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes

Question 18

Order of molecules, cells, atoms, organelles?

Answer 18

Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells

Question 19

Order including biosphere?

Answer 19

Biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, organisms, organs, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules

Question 20

Taxonomy

Answer 20

Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom

Question 21

Domains

Answer 21

bacteria, archaea (*luca), eukarya (archaea more closely related to eukaryotes)
Eukarya → Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

Question 22

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

Answer 22

Single bond is tetrahedral and can rotate
Double bond is planar and cannot easily rotate

Question 23

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Answer 23

Can form 5&6 membered rings
Single or double bonds may connect carbons (nitrogen can be substituted)
Benzene is an important hydrocarbon ring

Question 24

Isomers

Answer 24

molecules that have the same chemical formula but differ in atom arrangement or types of bonds between atoms

Question 25

Structural isomers

Answer 25

have a different covalent arrangement of atoms

Question 26

Enantiomers

Answer 26

molecules that share chemical formula and bonds but differ in 3D placement of atoms, mirror images (can’t superimpose the structures on each other)

Question 27

functional groups

Answer 27

CHEMICAL GROUPS THAT AFFECT THE FUNCTION OF MOLECULES AND PARTICIPATE IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS