Exam #1

Question 1

living together, two different species that live together “long” terms

Answer 1

symbiosis

Question 2

host vs. commensal

Answer 2

commensalism

Question 3

host vs. mutualist

Answer 3

mutualism

Question 4

host vs. parasite

Answer 4

parasitism

Question 5

refers to the organism being lived in or on as the “host”

Answer 5

convention

Question 6

species name

Answer 6

taxonomy

Question 7

can be located everywhere

Answer 7

cosmopolitan

Question 8

actual damage being done

Answer 8

pathology

Question 9

the way the disease spreads in a population

Answer 9

epidemiology

Question 10

common parasitic diseases in the U.S

Answer 10

-pinworm
-Giardiasis
-dog roundworm
-ticks

Question 11

inside parasite (most of what we will talk about in class)

Answer 11

endoparasite

Question 12

outside parasite

Answer 12

ectoparasite

Question 13

parasite of a parasite (like tapeworms in a flea)

Answer 13

hyperparasite

Question 14

organism that has to spend some of its life cycle as a parasite (has to find a host in order to complete its life cycle, or it will die)

Answer 14

obligate

Question 15

not typically a parasite but can act as one depending upon its environment

Answer 15

facultative

Question 16

obligate parasite (organism that has to become a host before it dies) that enters a host that typically is not a host, “accidental” parasite

Answer 16

incidental

Question 17

parasite that lives on its host until maturity or spends its entire life on its host

Answer 17

permanent

Question 18

parasite that visits its host at intervals for nourishment

Answer 18

intermittent

Question 19

host where parasite is able to reach sexual maturity (typically human)

Answer 19

definitive host

Question 20

organism that supports the immature or nonreproductive forms of a parasite

Answer 20

intermediate host

Question 21

when a parasite can infect a host
-doesn’t always have to be injected, can also be ingested
-you can also not get infected if ingested with a parasite but you don’t come in contact with the parasite in the “right way”
–if you eat do intestine thats infected with adult worm parasites, you will not be effected because its not in the infective stage

Answer 21

transmission stages (aka infective stages)

Question 22

only one host, only has direct not intermediate (aka monoxenous)
-life cycle which a parasite is transmitted directly from one host to the next WITHOUT an intermediate host or vector of another species

Answer 22

direct life cycle

Question 23

has more than one host (aka heteroxenous)
-life cycle which a parasite is transmitted directly from one host to the next WITH an intermediate host or vector of another species (contains direct and intermediate host)

Answer 23

indirect life cycle

Question 24

intermediate host is not something the host typically eats
-an intermediate host whose presence may be required for the completion of a parasite’s life cycle but in which no development of a parasite occurs

Answer 24

paratenic host

Question 25

host that has parasites that can infect humans or other species (some other organism that can be a good definitive host like humans)

Answer 25

reservoir host

Question 26

host “range”
-refers to how many different species a parasite can effect in a range of time
-can vary with life cycle stages

Answer 26

host specificity

Question 27

where in the host does the parasite occur

Answer 27

site specificity

Question 28

outcomes of parasitism

Answer 28

-physical trauma
-nutritional diversion
-release/excrete toxic chemicals
-elicit dangerous immune responses
-pressure on host energy utilization
-anemia: variety of ways
-elicit adverse changes in host behavior

Question 29

parasites live in the cavity of the intestine of their host (like tape and round worm)

Answer 29

coelozoic parasites

Question 30

parasite lives in between the cell of the tissue or organs of host

Answer 30

histozoic parasite

Question 31

all of the parasites of a particular species occurring within the body of a single host
-also referred to as intensity (depends on number of parasites)

Answer 31

infrapopulation

Question 32

all of the infrapopulations of a parasite species within a single host species in an ecosystem (all infected)

Answer 32

component population

Question 33

average number of parasites in infected hosts

Answer 33

mean intensity

Question 34

all of the parasites of a single species, regardless of developmental stages, that occur in an ecosystem

Answer 34

suprapopulation

Question 35

number of parasites per sampling unit

Answer 35

density (abundance)

Question 36

average number of parasites in ALL hosts sampled

Answer 36

mean abundance

Question 37

total number of individuals in a population who have a disease at a specific period of time (typically presented as a decimal)

Answer 37

prevalence

Question 38

charting the way the disease spreads

Answer 38

incidence

Question 39

-unicellular
-eukaryotic
-heterotrophes

Answer 39

protozoa

Question 40

production of additional parasites of the same life cycle stage

Answer 40

schizogony (also called merogony)

Question 41

brain eating ameoba

Answer 41

Naegleria fowleri

Question 42

nonpathogenic intestinal amoebae

Answer 42

Entamoeba Coli

Question 43

two host life cycles; indirect life cycle: one host is always a vertebrate (tissue or blood parasite) and the other host is blood feeding insect (digestive parasite)

Answer 43

heteroxenous

Question 44

life cycle where the kinetoplast and flagella are in the posterior behind the nucleus

Answer 44

trypomastigote

Question 45

life cycle where the kinetoplast and flagella are in front of the nucleus almost right next to it

Answer 45

epimastigote

Question 46

life cycle where the kinetoplast and flagella are located in the anterior in front of the nucleus (no ungellating membrane)

Answer 46

promastigote

Question 47

life cycle where the kinetoplast is present but the flagella is not

Answer 47

amastigote

Question 48

out in the wild away from humans

Answer 48

sylvatic

Question 49

living and hanging around humans

Answer 49

peridomestic

Question 50

only around humans

Answer 50

domiciliary