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Ophthalmic Optics > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Visible Light

A

400-700 nm

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2
Q

Light is a____

A

Wave

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3
Q

A____ is a series of concentric circles that travel _____ ____ the source that created it.

A

Wavefront, away from

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4
Q

Rays are drawn ___ rom the wavefront

A

Perpendicular
Rays indicate which direction the wavefront is traveling

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5
Q

Steeper vergence (curvature of a wavefront) =

A

More curved, smaller circle, closer to the source, more energy

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6
Q

Flatter vergence (curvature of a wavefront)=

A

less curved, larger circles, traveling away from the source, less energy

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7
Q

Light rays traveling away from a source

A

Divergence

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8
Q

Light rays headed toward a focal point

A

Convergence

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9
Q

Light rays at an infinite distance will be

A

parallel

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10
Q

Refraction

A

measurement of the focusing characteristics of an eye or eyes

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11
Q

The radius of the _____ determines the dioptric power

A

Curvature, more curve =higher diopter

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12
Q

Thick middle, lighter edges ____ light

A

Convex, converge

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13
Q

Thin middle, thick edge ____ light

A

Concave, diverge

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14
Q

When we look at something we are looking at the _____ of that something

A

Image

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15
Q

Focal point right on the retina

A

Emmetropic

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16
Q

Light rays focus in front of the retina

A

Myopic

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17
Q

Light rays focus behind the retina

A

Hyperopic

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18
Q

Plus lenses are ____ and make light more _____

A

Convex, convergent

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19
Q

Minus lenses are _____ and make light more _____

A

Concave, divergent

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20
Q

Any color, interesting patterns, produced in sheets, can be molded, lightweight

A

Zylonite - Zyl: Cellulose Acetate

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21
Q

Disadvantages of Zyl

A

No shape memory, warping in heat, not super durable, decrease strength, can whiten by skin oils

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22
Q

Thermoplastic and silky, polyamide or glidamide, unbreakable and lightweight, stiff but flexible, hard to adjust, resistant to temp extremes

A

Nylon

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23
Q

Hypoallergenic, shape memory, more difficult to adjust, brittle when cold, very light, no shrinkage, molded,

A

Optyl

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24
Q

Nylon based plastic, hypoallergenic, lighter than zyl, more transparent colors

A

Cellulose Acetate Propionate

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25
Q

Monel, most common for metal, plated with palladium, coating can rub off

A

Nickel-Steel

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26
Q

Lightweight, durable, strong, corrosion-resistant, color variety, hypoallergenic, combo metals for cheap.

27
Q

Steel-grey, w/copper, lower cost, resist corrosion and tarnish, lightweight, flexible, strong, easy to adjust, color variety

28
Q

Alloy of steel and chromium, lightweight, strong, hypoallergenic, resistance to corrosion, abrasion, and heat

A

Stainless steel

29
Q

Titanium-based alloy, Marchon origin, “memory metal”, lightweight, hypoallergenic, corrosion-resistant

30
Q

Most abundant, silicone and iron added for strength, lightweight, corrosion-resistant, high-end eyewear

31
Q

Ratio of the velocity of light in air to its velocity within a given media

A

Refractive index

32
Q

<1.53

33
Q

1.53-1.58

34
Q

1.59-1.66

A

High-Index

35
Q

> 1.66

A

Ultra-high index

36
Q

Dispersion

A

The fuzziness surrounding colors because blue is more efficiently refracted compared to red (red is longer)

37
Q

Ratio of differences between performance in the center of the visual spectrum compared to the ends, quantifying chromatic aberration

A

ABBE number

38
Q

ABBE=

A

yellow - 1/(#blue-#red)

39
Q

gram/cm^2

A

specific gravity

40
Q

Melting point for optical grade glass

41
Q

Range of optical grade mineral glasses, high refractive index, low dispersion

A

Crown Glass

42
Q

Manufactured by pouring molten glass into reusable molds and allowed to cool in place

A

Crown glass

43
Q

Transparent organic (carbon) polymers

44
Q

Products manufactured using chemical process in ____ are called ____ or _____

A

Plastics, thermosetting polymers, resins

45
Q

Products using an external thermal process in ____ are known as _____

A

Plastics, thermoplastics

46
Q

CR39

A

Allyl Diglycol Carbonate, Resin

47
Q

Utilizers monomer (base) and activator (catalyst or hardener)

A

Thermosetting Polymers (Resins)

48
Q

Setting process for this material cannot be remodeled, no recycling

A

Resin, thermosetting polymers

49
Q

Can be recycled, melted and remolded because of Polymethlymethacrylate (PMMA) Poly carbonate gl lenses

A

Thermoplastic

50
Q

Z80.1

A

General standard for ophthalmic materials

51
Q

Dropped ball test for general standard ophthalmic materials

A

Free fall impact of 5\8 inch diameter steel ball (~16 grams) from height of 50 inches at geometric center

52
Q

Safety Lenses and Safety eyewear standards

53
Q

Basic impact test for safety lenses

A

1 inch steel ball from 50 inches. min. lens thickness of 3mm, 2.5 for >3 D

54
Q

High impact standard Z87.1- Resistance

A

lens and frame
Withstand free fall impact of pointed steel missile (500 g) from height of 50 inches

55
Q

High velocity Resistance for safety lenses (Z87.1)

A

Lens and frame withstand propelled impact of 1/4 in steel ball at velocity of 150 ft/sec

56
Q

Z87

A

basic impact standard

57
Q

Z87+

A

high impact standard

58
Q

Shaded lenses

A

S Z87S 0r Z87S+

59
Q

Photochromic lenses

A

V
Z87V or Z87V+

60
Q

Frame marking Z87

A

Basic impact

61
Q

Frame marking Z87-2

A

High impact standard

62
Q

Not recommended, increases impact resistance by 100-200%, heated to softening point and then air jets

A

Heat Tempered Glass

63
Q

uses KNO3 (potassium Nitrate bath at 450 C for 16 hours

A

Chemical tempered process

64
Q

In chemical tempering of glass do the K+ or Na+ migrate to the lens

Ophthalmic Optics (1 decks)

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