Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 106 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Aristotle

A

created the scale of nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Linnaeus

A

he created the binomial format for meaning species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cuvier

A

he noticed that the further down he dug, the more dissimilar the fossils became at the time he believed it was just a bunch of mass extinctions but we now know it was evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lyell

A

introduced the idea that evolutions didn’t come from fast events like an extinction but rather was a slow and gradual process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lamarck

A

He was known for his incorrect hypothesis that species evolved because of their innate drive to become stronger and more complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

adaptation

A

An evolutionary change that allows an organism to be better suited to its environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 main mechanisms that cause allele frequency to change

A

Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

two things that determine phenotype

A

Inherited genotype and other environmental influences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mutation

A

A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism’s dna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Heterozygote

A

having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

ensures genetic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

genetic drift

A

It is a chance event where allele frequencies fluctuate and change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

founders effect

A

when a small population of a group is separated from the rest, and creates a new specie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

relative fitness

A

The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contributions of other individuals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

directional selection

A

Shifts the entire population to a favorable allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

disruptive selection

A

Favors alleles at both extremes of the variants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stabilizing selection

A

It removes the extremes of the variants leaving one typical way of being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

intrasexual

A

when intervals of one sex compete with each other for a mate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

intersexual

A

an induvial is being choosy with who they mate with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

species

A

A species is a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable and fertile offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

reproductive isolation

A

The existence of biological factors that impede members of two species from interbreeding and producing viable, fertile offspring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

prezygotic reproductive barrier

A

stops them from mating in the first place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

zygotic reproductive barrier

A

makes the survival rate for the hybrid is very low.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Biological Species Concept

A

defines a species as members of populations that actually or potentially interbreed in nature, not according to similarity of appearance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

allopatric speciation

A

When a species is geographically divided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

sympatric speciation

A

the species remain in contact with each other while still genetically changing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Habitat differentiation

A

It can occur when a subpopulation exploits a habitat or resource not used by the parent population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Sexual selection

A

Occurs when the females pick their males based on appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

hybrid zone

A

A region in which members of different species meet and mate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Reinforcement

A

when there are more barriers to reproduce in order to strengthen them

31
Q

Fusion

A

the barriers for reproduction are weak

32
Q

Stability

A

the barriers to reproduce are normal

33
Q

What does someone who studies/uses systematics do?

A

reconstruct phylogenies

34
Q

phylogenies

A

the study of the evolutionary development of groups of organisms

35
Q

taxonomic ranks of the hierarchical classification system in order from least to most inclusive

A

Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, domain

36
Q

homology

A

The study of creatures with a common ancestor

37
Q

analogy

A

the study of convergent evolution and how it can make similar traits in several species

38
Q

clade

A

Groups of common ancestry

39
Q

monophyletic

A

consists of an ancestral species and all of its descendants

40
Q

paraphyletic

A

consists of ancestral species and some but not all of its descendants.

41
Q

polyphyletic

A

includes distantly related species but does not include most of its recent common ancestors

42
Q

what is the true clade?

A

monophyletic

43
Q

outgroup

A

A species or group of species from an evolutionary lineage that is closely related but not part of the group or species that we are studying

44
Q

3 basic plant organs

A

roots, stems, and leaves

45
Q

functions of the plant root?

A

Absorbs minerals and water and stores carbohydrates

46
Q

tap root system

A

large and ticker roots that help keep the plant upright

47
Q

fibrous root system

A

has many smaller roots that keep the plant from being pulled out of the ground

48
Q

the roll of root hairs

A

They increase the surface area of the root and increase its ability of absorb minerals

49
Q

function of the stem

A

It bears leaves ad buds and its main goal is to elongate to maximize photosynthesis

50
Q

what are the functions of leaves

A

Its main goal is to photosynthesize, but it also exchanges gas with the atmosphere, dissipates heat, and defends themselves from plant eaters

51
Q

What is the function of the dermal layer?

A

It’s the plants outer protective coating

52
Q

What is the function of the xylem?

A

Conducts water and dissolves minerals up from the roots to the stem

53
Q

What is the function of phloem?

A

Transports sugars and the products of photosynthesis from the leaves to where its stored

54
Q

What are the functions of ground tissue?

A

Ground filler can be internal and external and can work as filler, storage, photosynthesis, support, and short distance transport

55
Q

Where do we find parenchyma cells?

A

Mainly in dermal and ground tissues

56
Q

Describe the shape and movement of water in tracheids

A

Water moves from cell to cell mainly through pits

57
Q

Describe the shape and movement of water in vessel elements

A

Water travels through vents

58
Q

What features are lacking in sieve-tube elements

A

Nucleus, ribosomes, a distinct vacuole, and cytoskeletal elements

59
Q

What is the function of companion cells?

A

They help load sugars into sieve tubes

60
Q

two types of meristem

A

Apical meristems and lateral meristems

61
Q

primary growth

A

growth in length

62
Q

secondary growth

A

growth in width

63
Q

Root cap

A

the root cap is a protective shell around the tip of the growing root

64
Q

Zone of cell division

A

where new cells are made

65
Q

Zone of elongation

A

where most of the growth occurs and root cells extend

66
Q

Zone of differentiation

A

where cells complete their differentiation and then become distinct cell types

67
Q

functions of stomata

A

Allows the exchange from CO2 to O2

68
Q

what is the function of guard cells

A

Regulates the opening and closing of pores

69
Q

What is the ground tissue of the leaf called?

A

Mesophyll

70
Q

What tissues are responsible for the production of secondary vascular tissue and where is it located?

A

Xylem, and secondary phloem

71
Q

visceral rays

A

Radial files of mostly parenchyma cells that connect to the secondary xylem and phloem

72
Q

heartwood

A

The oldest layer of the secondary xylem that can no longer transport water or minerals

73
Q

sapwood

A

The newer layer of the secondary xylem that can transport water or minerals

74
Q

what is bark

A

All tissues external to the vascular cambium

Bio 106 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions