Exam 1 Flashcards
Homeostasis
Maintenance of a normal environment within the body that allows for proper function.
Physiology
The study of the normal functions of the body
Pathophysiology
The study of the loss of normal functions of the body.
An example of a homeostatic mechanism is?
Shivering
What do receptors do?
Detect level of things and tells the regulator levels of things.
What do regulator do?
•Sets and maintains the set point
•Tells Effectors what to do
Set point is?
Normal level
What do Effectors do?
•Put out the Appropriate output (ex. Shivering, sweat production)
Negative feedback
•A reciprocal response to a deviation from a normal level
What does Negative feedback do?
•Lowers Normal value (levels) if too high
•Raises Normal value (levels) if to too low
•Maintains Homeostasis
Positive feedback
Increase normal range to carry out a special event.
What is an example of a special event?
•Hormone
•Childbirth
•Blood coagulation
•Breast feeding
Does positive feedback contribute to Homeostasis?
No but it is still a necessary feedback
What happens when positive feedback is over?
Negative feedback takes back over
Metabolism is?
Chemical Reactions happening in the body
What is Anabolism?
Build up of molecules
What is catabolism?
Break down of molecules
Inorganic molecules are?
Small simple molecules
Water is located in which two compartments?
•Intracellular compartment
•Extracellular compartment
What is Intracellular compartment?
Compartment inside the cells
Intracellular compartment example?
Cytosol
What is Extracellular compartment?
Compartment located outside of the cell
Interstitial compartment is?
•Between the cells
Extracellular compartment contains?
•Interstitial: Interstitial fluid
•Blood vessels: plasma
•Lymph vessels: lymph
•Transcellular: transcellular fluids
Transcellular fluids is in?
•Urine
•Fluid In eyes
How much water does Intracellular compartment contain?
2/3 of water volume
How much water does Extracellular compartment contain?
1/3 of water volume
A mixing media is?
•Solution
•Colloid
•Suspension
Every fluid in the body is a?
•Solution
•Colloid
•Suspension
A solution is?
•Mixture of very small particulars and water
•Example’s are ions mixed in plasma
A Colloid is?
•Mixture of medium particles and water
•Example’s are proteins mixed in plasma
A Suspension is?
• Mixture of large particles and water
• Examples are red blood cells mixed in the plasma
Ions (cations and anions) / Electrons are?
In equilibrium with salts
Main functions of Ions/ Electrolytes are?
•Communication (e.g action potentials)
•General Homeostasis
•Transported across membranes
•Fluid, electrolyte and pH balance
Acids
Substance that releases H+
Base
Substance that combined with H+
