exam 1

Question 1

what are the 3 domains of development?

Answer 1

physical, cognitive, emotional/social

Question 2

what are “Age-Graded Influences” ?

Answer 2

age related influences that promote development (turning a certain age)
ex. age 16 -> driver’s license, more responsibility

Question 3

what are “History-Graded Influences” ?

Answer 3

COHORT GROUP
-being apart of the same group of people, growing up at the same time
+ share a social history, perspective and values

Question 4

what are “Non-Normative Influences” ?

Answer 4

an unusual life event that creates a turning point in one’s life and change the direction of their development
-getting arrested and going to jail
-losing a parent early in life
-unplanned teenage pregnancy

Question 5

what are the 4 goals of developmental psychologists ?

Answer 5

description
explanation
prediction
intervention

Question 6

social construction

Answer 6

a concept or practice that may appear natural and obvious to those who accept it, but in reality is an invention of a particular culture/society
-different views throughout time of how children should act/think

Question 7

how has the nuclear family changed most recently ?

Answer 7

many parents are becoming divorced, so children are living in one parent households; also rise in childless adults; gay/lesbian couples; and grandparents raising children

Question 8

in which cultures are the extended family most present ?

Answer 8

Asia, Africa, and Latin America (some U.S families can trace roots back <-)

Question 9

what is the current trend in the U.S toward multigenerational families ?

Answer 9

upward trend (20% of U.S pop.)

Question 10

what are the origins, trends, and changes regarding immigrants throughout the last century ?

Answer 10

ethnic origins have changed from Europe & Canada to Asia & Latin America

Question 11

Chromosomes ?

Answer 11

humans = 46 (23 pairs)

Question 12

DNA v.s GENE

Answer 12

more specific heredity info on each chromosome
v.s
smallest segment of DNA

Question 13

Fertilization

what happens? with what 2? where?

Answer 13

sperm cell & ovum (egg cell) unite

fallopian tubes

Question 14

Sickle Cell Anemia

what is it? effects?

Answer 14

GENETIC BIRTH DEFECT
-abnormally shaped blood cells (sickle shaped)
-blood clots -> difficulty transporting O2

impaired/poor circulation
fatigue
difficulty breathing
joint swelling
enlarged heart

Question 15

Cystic Fibrosis

what is it? effects?

Answer 15

GENETIC BIRTH DEFECT
*most common birth defect
-excessive mucous obstructs lungs & digestive tract
-in pancreas -> limits breaking down food

clogs airways -> progressive disability & frequent infections

Question 16

Cleft Palate

what is it? effects?

Answer 16

GENETIC BIRTH DEFECT
-non-fusion of facial structures (lip & nose)

makes sucking for milk difficult

Question 17

Down Syndrome -> aka Trisomy 21

what is it? effects?

Answer 17

CHROMOSOMAL BIRTH DEFECT
-extra copy of 21st chromosome
-related to the age of the mother (over 45) also father >50)

intellectual disability
almond eyes
defective heart
poor muscle tone

Question 18

Fragile X Syndrome

what is is? effects?

Answer 18

CHROMOSOMAL BIRTH DEFECT
-gap or constriction on X chromosome
-more severe in boys b/c of only 1 X chromosome

intellectual disability (autistic-like symptoms)

Question 19

prenatal development

Answer 19

-period from conception to birth

-ovum -> viable up to 3 days
-sperm -> live 6 days

Question 20

Germinal Stage:

what is it? how long? name?

Answer 20

1st stage of prenatal development

-lasts 2 weeks of life
-mass of cells -> zygote

Question 21

Germinal Stage:

3 Nourishing Cells?

Answer 21

zygote’s outer layer

-Amnion
-Placenta
-Umbilical Cord

Question 22

Embryo Stage:

name? what happens? timeline?

Answer 22

2nd stage of prenatal development
-embryo
-major organs form — heart, lung, kidneys, etc.
-2nd -> 8th week

Question 23

Embryo Stage: