Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Lab > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

anatomical position

A

universally accepted standard position that scientists and medical professionals use to communicate information concerning parts of the body

shows body erect and facing foward the arms are stright and at the sides of the bdoy, with palms facing foward; and the feet slightly apart, with the toes pointing forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anterior

A

toward the front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

toward the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

superior (cranial)

A

toward the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

toward the tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

proximal

A

closer to the point of origin (generally the trunk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

distal

A

farther away from the point of origin (generally the trunk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

medial

A

closer to the midline of the body or a body part; on the inner side of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lateral

A

farther away from the midline of the body or a body part; on the outerside of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

superficial

A

closer to the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

deep

A

farther below the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the palms are on the ______ side

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the esophagus is _____ to the spinal cord

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the occipital bone is on the ______ cranium (skull)

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the spinal cord is ______ to the esophagus

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the nose is _______ to the mouth

A

superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the neck is _____ to the chest

A

superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the nose is ______ to the forehead

A

inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the umbilicus (belly button) is ______ to the chest

A

inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the knee is ____ to the forehead

A

proximal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the shoulder is ______ to the elbow

A

proximal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the foot is ______ to the hip

A

distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the wrist is ____ to the elbow

A

distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the ear is ____ to the shoulder

A

medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the index finger is ______ to the thumb

A

medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the sholder is ______ to the chest

A

lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

the thumb is ______ to the index finger

A

lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the skin is ______ to the muscle

A

superficial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

muscle is _____ to bone

A

superficial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

bone is ____ to the skin

A

deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

bone is ___ to muscle

A

deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

head

A

cephalic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

chest

A

thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

sternal

A

sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

abdominal

A

abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

pelvic

A

pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

manual

A

hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

palmar

A

palm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

inguinal

A

groin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

pubic

A

pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

occipital

A

back of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

cervical

A

neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

dorsal

A

back of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

vertebral

A

vertebrae/spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

sural

A

posterior surface of leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

pedal

A

foot

48
Q

plantar

A

sole of foot

49
Q

frontal

A

forehead

50
Q

ocular

A

eye

51
Q

nasal

A

nose

52
Q

mental

A

chin

53
Q

otic

A

ear

54
Q

buccal

A

cheek

55
Q

oral

A

mouth

56
Q

axillary

A

armpit

57
Q

acromial

A

point of shoulder

58
Q

brachial

A

arm

59
Q

antecubital

A

anterior surface of elbow

60
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

61
Q

carpal

A

wrist

62
Q

pollex

A

thumb

63
Q

metacarpal

A

palms

64
Q

digatal

A

fingers

65
Q

coxal

A

hip

66
Q

femoral

A

femur

67
Q

patellar

A

patella

68
Q

crural

A

anterior surface of leg

69
Q

tarsal

A

ankle

70
Q

hallux

A

great toe

71
Q

metatarsal

A

center of foot

72
Q

digital

A

toe

73
Q

cranial cavity

A

houses the brain

74
Q

vertebral cavity

A

houses the vertebrae/spine

75
Q

thoracic cavity

A

consists of right and left pleural cavity and the mediastinum

76
Q

mediastinum contains _______

A

multiple organs like the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and heart

77
Q

the heart is enclosed by which cavity

A

pericardial cavity

78
Q

parietal layer

A

the outer layer of the membrane

79
Q

visceral layer

A

inner layer of the membarne

80
Q

most of the organs in the ventral body are surrounded by

A

serous membranes

81
Q

serous membranes

A

thin double layer sacks that line the organs in the ventral body cavity

82
Q

abdinominopelvic cavity is devided into four regions called

A

right upper quadrent (RUQ)
left upper quadrent (LUQ)
right lower quadrent (RLQ)
left lower quadrent (RLQ)

83
Q

9 abdominopelvic regions

A

top three
right hypochondriac region
epigastric region
left hypochondriac region

middle three
right lumbar region
umbillical region
left lumbar region

bottom three
right iliac region
hypogastric region
left iliac region

84
Q

sagital plane

A

divides body into right a left

85
Q

midsagital

A

divide body into equal right and left parts

86
Q

parasagital

A

divides body into unequal right and left parts

87
Q

frontal plane

A

divides body into anterior and posterior parts

88
Q

transverse plane

A

divides body into superior and inferior parts

89
Q

epithelium consists of

A

basement membrane and tightly packed cells

90
Q

simple epithelia

A

single layer of cells

91
Q

stratified epithelia

A

two or more layers of cells

92
Q

squamous

A

flattened

93
Q

cuboidal

A

cube-shaped

94
Q

columnar

A

column shaped

95
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

single layered flat cells

provides a barrier through which gasses and fluids can be exchanged
produces serious fluid

example: air sacs of lungs, inner lining of ventral body cavities and blood vessels, kidney glomeruli

96
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single layer of cube-shaped cells

absorption, secretion of mucus and other substances

examples: kidney tubules, lower respiratory passages, thyroid, salivary, and mammary glands

97
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

single layer of column like rectangular cells, ovoid, basal nuclei

absorption, secretion of mucus and other substances, propulsion of egg through uterine tube

example: digestive tract from stomach to anus, uterine tube, gallbladder

98
Q

psuedostratified columnar epithelium

A

single layer of columnar cells of different heights giving a stratified appearance, contain cilia

secretes mucus and propels it with ciliary motion

examples: nasal cavity, upper respiratory passages

99
Q

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

A

multiple layers of squamous cells, contain dead and falky apical cells with keratin, cuboidal to squamous shaped basal cells

protects from mechanical stresses and microorganisms, prevents most water loss through skin

examples: epidermis

100
Q

stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

A

apical cells living and very flat, cells are more cuboidal towards basal layers

protects from mechanical stresses and microorganisms

examples: mouth, pharynx, superior larynx, esophagus, vagina, anal canal

101
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

two or more layers of cuboidal cells

some absorption and secretion

examples: ducts of certain glands including sweat glands and mammary glands

102
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A

two or more layers of columnar cells

protection, some absorption and secretion

examples: ducts of certain glands including salivary glands, conjunctiva, parts of male urethra

103
Q

transitional epithlium

A

multiple layers of cells, apical cells are dome-shaped when relaxed and flattened when stretched

protection, gives tissues added distensibility

examples: urinary bladder, ureter, urethra

104
Q

fibroblasts

A

produce protein gibers in the extracellular matrix

105
Q

what are the 4 types of connective tissue proper

A

loose connective tissue
dense connective tissue (irregular, regular, elastic)
reticular connective tissue
adipose connective tissue

106
Q

loose connective tissue consists of

A

fibroblasts, all three types of protein fibers embedded in a gel-like ground substance plus scattered macrophages, mast cells, and fat cells

107
Q

loose connective tissue is usually found in

A

walls of hollow organs and membranes lining the body cavities

108
Q

dense connective tissue consists of

A

protein fibers

109
Q

what are the three types of dense CT

A

regular
irregular
elastic

110
Q

where is dense regular ct found

A

in tendons and ligaments and resists undirectional stress because of parallel arrangement of collagin fibers

111
Q

dense irregular connective is found

A

in the deep layer of thick skin and around joints

helps resist stress from every direction because of the haphazard arrangment of collagen fibers

112
Q

elastic connective tissue

A

allows stretch and recoil

113
Q

where is elastic CT found

A

in large blood vessels and certain ligaments

114
Q

reticular tissue

A

helps form structure of many organs and supports small structures such as blood vessels and leukocytes

found in most lymphoid organs like lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen

contains reticular fibers and leukocytes

115
Q

adipose ct

A

consist primarily of adipocytes and protein fibers

functions in insulation, warmth, shock, absorption, and energy storage

found deep to the skin in the abdomen, breasts, hips, buttocks, and thighs, also surrounds heart and abdominal organs

Biology Lab (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions