Exam 1 Flashcards
Pharmacological treatment for blepharitis
topical abx drops: bacitracin, macrolides- erythromycin, azithromycin
Indications for pharmacological treatment for blepharitis
signs of infection- red and inflamed
Other treatment options for blepharitis
warm compress
S&S of hordeolum
very sudden, tender, swollen, red eyelids
Treatment for hordeolum
warm compress, don’t pop it; if continued inflammation antibiotic drops are OK
Difference between hordeolum and chalazion
Hordeolon- sudden onset, very painful
Chalazion- slow onset, not painful
When to refer a patient to ophthalmology for chalazion
If persistent- may need incision and drainage
S&S of iritis/uveitis
severe pain, photophobia, constricted pupil with no response
Treatment for iritis/uveitis
immediate referral to opthalmology
Differenceinpresentation between bacterial/viral/allergic conjunctivitis
Bacterial- purulent discharge (wipe and comes back right away); unilateral at start
Viral- purulent discharge in AM, watery in PM; unilateral at start; gritty, burning sensation
Allergic- watery, stringy discharge; bilateral; INTENSE itching
Tx for bacterial conjunctivitis
Azithromycin drops (1 drop BID x 2 days, then 1 drop daily for 5 days)
Polymyxin-trimethoprim (polytrim)- 1-2 drops QID x5-7 days
Tx for bacterial conjunctivitis for contact lens wearers
NO POLYTRIM
Fluroquinolone drops- oxfloxacin or ciprofloxacin (1-2 drops QID x5-7 days)
What would you not want to give a patient with allergic conjunctivitis?
Do not give corticosteroids- can lead to keratitis
Tx recommendations for allergic conjunctivitis
Cold compress, lubricant drops, antihistamine, decongestants, mast cell stabilizer drops (ketorolac 1 drop QID, olopatadine 0.1-0.2% BID)
Treatment for viral conjunctivitis
antihistamine/decongestant drops, lubricants, cold compress
Tx for gonorrheal conjunctivitis
ceftriaxone and azithromycin
S&S for gonorrheal conjunctivitis
profuse discharge within 12 hours; SEVERE AND SIGHT THREATENING, preauricular adenopathy
Treatment for Herpes zoster conjunctivitis
refer to ophthalmologist for slit lamp evaluation; pyrimidine drops, acyclovir PO start within 72 hours
S&S Chlamydial conjunctivitis
Persistent eye infection lasting > 3 weeks despite treatment; preauricular adenopathy; may also have ear infection or rhinitis
Tx for chlamydial conjunctivitis
Doxycycline 100 mg BID x 7-10 days
Azithromycin 1 gm PO
AND ABX drops
Pharmacological treatment for corneal abrasion
Tobramycin or quinolones (NO POLYTRIM IF CONTACT LENS)
Assessments for corneal abrasion
visual acuity, penlight/fundoscopic exam, fluorescein stain with slit lamp (cobalt blue filter)
In relation to a corneal abrasion, what signs or symptoms would indicate need for immediate referral to opthalmologist?
Corneal infiltrate, white spots or opacities, inability to remove foreign body, pus, change in vision, not healed in 3-4 days
What diagnosis related to the eye require immediate ophthalmology referral?
Uveitis/Iritis, Keratitis, Glaucoma, Maculardegeneration, Retinal detachment