Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

general biology 1 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Atoms that vary in the type of ____ found in their nuclei are called isotopes

A

neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A covalent bond is formed by

A

sharing a pair of electrons between two atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An ionic bond is formed by

A

donating an electron from one atom to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The chemicals on the left are _____, the arrow shows the _____, and the chemical on the right is the ______

A

reactant, reaction, product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acids donate hydroxide ions (OH-) and bases donate hydrogen ions (H+)

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When acids are added to a solution, the pH should

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of chemical bond is responsible for cohesion and adhesion of properties of water

A

hydrogen bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following is an intramolecular force? 1. Covalent bond 2. Ionic bond 3. Hydrogen Bond 4. Dipole-dipole force

A

covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following are intermolecular forces? 1. Dipole-dipole 2. Hydrogen bond 3. Van Der Waals 4. Covalent bond 5. Ionic bond

A

dipole-dipole, hydrogen bond, van der waals, and ionic bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The monomers that make up proteins are

A

amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Phospholipids are important components of

A

the plasma membrane of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The monomers that make up carbohydrates are

A

monosaccharides or sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dehydration synthesis leads to the formation of

A

water and polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

During the breakdown of polymers, what reaction takes place?

A

hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What level of the protein structure has a linear sequence of amino acids?

A

primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The alpha helix and beta pleated sheets are part of which level of the protein structure?

A

secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What level of the protein structure is where a protein molecule starts to fold into a 3D shape?

A

tertiary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What level of the protein structure is when multiple folded proteins join each other to become a functional protein?

A

Quarternary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The monomers that make up nucleic acids are

A

nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A nucleotide of DNA may contain

A

deoxyribose, phosphate group, and thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A ribonucleotide of RNA may contain

A

ribose, phosphate group and uracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of chemical bond hold two DNA strands together in a double helix?

A

hydrogen bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote? 1. bacterium 2. yeast 3. corona virus 4. spirogyra

A

bacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which of the following is enclose with two phospholipid bilayers? 1. mitochondrion 2. ribosome 3. vesicle 4. lysosome

A

mitochondrion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which organelle is not a part of the endomembrane system? 1. mitochondrion 2. nucleus 3. endoplasmic reticulum 4. golgi apparatus

A

mitochondiron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Peroxisomes get their name because hydrogen peroxide is

A

produced during their oxidation reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In plant cells, the function of lysosomes is carried out by

A

vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest concentration of rough endoplasmic reticulum? 1. a cell that secretes enzymes
2. a cell that destroys pathogens
3. a cell that makes steroid hormones
4. a cell that engages in photosynthesis (such as a plant cell)

A

a cell that secretes enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which of the following is both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
1. Ribosomes
2. Nucleus
3. Mitochondrion
4. Chloroplast

A

ribosomes

31
Q

Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest concentration of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
1. A cell that makes steroid hormones
2. A cell that secretes enzymes
3. A cell that destroys pathogens
4. A cell that engages in photosynthesis (such as a plant cell

A

a cell that makes steroid hormones

32
Q

When an animal cell is present in a hypotonic solution it will

A

lysed

33
Q

When an animal cell is present in a hypertonic solution it will

A

shriveled

34
Q

Which plasma membrane component can be either found on its surface or embedded in the membrane structure?

A

protein

35
Q

What is the principle driving movement of diffusion?

A

concentration gradient

36
Q

How does the sodium-potassium pump make the interior of the cell negatively charged?

A

by expelling more cations than are taken in

37
Q

What happens to the membrane of a vesicle after exocytosis?

A

it fuses with and becomes part of the plasma membrane

38
Q

Which transport mechanism can bring whole cells into a cell?

A

phagocytosis

39
Q

In what important way does receptor-mediated endocytosis differ from phagocytosis?

A

it provides specificity

40
Q

What provides strength to animal cell membrane?

A

cholesterol

41
Q

Proteins that will penetrate the hydrophobic layer of the phospholipid bilayer require _____ amino acids to do so

A

hydrophobic

42
Q

What is inside the ER and golgi apparatus ends up outside of the cell

A

true

43
Q

The total sum of all chemical reactions in the body is called

A

metabolism

44
Q

A spontaneous reaction will have a delta (triangle) G sign that is

A

negative

45
Q

The polymerization of biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, where small molecules are combine to make a larger molecule, is an example of what type of metabolism?

A

anabolism

46
Q

The process of breaking down food such as glucose to produce energy mainly ATP, is an example of what type of metabolism?

A

catabolism

47
Q

Endergonic processes that are unfavorable in the cell (such as driving active transport of the Na-K pump) are typically couples to the hydrolysis of

A

ATP

48
Q

An enzyme is a biocatalyst. How does an enzyme speed up a chemical reaction?

A

it lowers the activation energy (decrease)

49
Q

What type of biological macromolecules are enzymes?

A

protein

50
Q

What would you predict would happen to the enzymatic activity if the enzyme was denatured?

A

loss of function

51
Q

A drug binds to an enzyme and blocks its active site. This is an example of

A

competitive inhibition

52
Q

Binding of a drug to an enzyme at a site remote from active site, alters the active site of an enzyme in such a way that its specific substrate cannot bind. This is an example of

A

non competitive inhibition
allosteric regulation

53
Q

In an enzyme catalyzed reaction, the reactant is called a

A

substrate

54
Q

The overall energy production of glycolysis per glucose molecule is

A

2 ATP and 2 NADH

55
Q

In cellular respiration, each molecule of glucose produce how many molecules of acetyl CoA?

A

2

56
Q

The electron transport chain is a series of _____ embedded in the membrane

A

proton pumps

57
Q

In the electron transport chain, the energy source that powers the proton pumps is

A

NADH

58
Q

In cellular respiration, most ATP generated by the complete oxidation of glucose results from the reaction in

A

the electron transport chain

59
Q

The electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation) process occurs in the

A

inner membrane of the mitochondria

60
Q

Correct order for the steps of cellular respiration

A

glycolysis - pyruvate oxidation - citric acid cycle - oxidative phosphorylation

61
Q

Carbon dioxide is given off during

A

citric acid cycle

62
Q

Type of fermentation that can occur in animal muscle cells

A

lactic acid fermentation

63
Q

Type of fermentation that can occur in yeast cells

A

alcohol fermentation

64
Q

In aerobic cellular respiration, _____ acts as the terminal electron acceptor

A

oxygen

65
Q

Where does water splitting occur in photosynthesis?

A

photosystem 2

66
Q

The calvin cycle (light independent reactions) of photosynthesis requires _____ which are produced during the light dependent reactions

A

ATP and NADPH

67
Q

What is the function of chlorophyll?

A

harvesting light energy to funnel it down to photosystems

68
Q

What are the main products from photosynthesis?

A

sugar and oxygen

69
Q

The enzyme ______ catalyzes CO2 fixation and is the most abundant enzyme on Earth

A

rubisco

70
Q

In photosynthesis, _______ are reactants and ______ are products

A

water and CO2 —— G3P and O2

71
Q

In which compartment of the plant cell do the light independent reactions (calvin cycle) of photosynthesis take place?

A

stroma

72
Q

What is the source of electrons for the chloroplast electron transport chain?

A

water

73
Q

In the calvin cycle, ____ must be continuously regenerated in order for the light independent reactions to take place

A

RuBP

74
Q

Why does water split in Photosystem 2?

A

to provide electrons

general biology 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions