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general biology 1 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Atoms that vary in the type of ____ found in their nuclei are called isotopes

A

neutrons

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2
Q

A covalent bond is formed by

A

sharing a pair of electrons between two atoms

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3
Q

An ionic bond is formed by

A

donating an electron from one atom to another

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4
Q

The chemicals on the left are _____, the arrow shows the _____, and the chemical on the right is the ______

A

reactant, reaction, product

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5
Q

Acids donate hydroxide ions (OH-) and bases donate hydrogen ions (H+)

A

false

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6
Q

When acids are added to a solution, the pH should

A

decrease

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7
Q

What type of chemical bond is responsible for cohesion and adhesion of properties of water

A

hydrogen bond

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8
Q

Which of the following is an intramolecular force? 1. Covalent bond 2. Ionic bond 3. Hydrogen Bond 4. Dipole-dipole force

A

covalent bond

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9
Q

Which of the following are intermolecular forces? 1. Dipole-dipole 2. Hydrogen bond 3. Van Der Waals 4. Covalent bond 5. Ionic bond

A

dipole-dipole, hydrogen bond, van der waals, and ionic bond

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10
Q

The monomers that make up proteins are

A

amino acids

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11
Q

Phospholipids are important components of

A

the plasma membrane of cells

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12
Q

The monomers that make up carbohydrates are

A

monosaccharides or sugars

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13
Q

Dehydration synthesis leads to the formation of

A

water and polymer

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14
Q

During the breakdown of polymers, what reaction takes place?

A

hydrolysis

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15
Q

What level of the protein structure has a linear sequence of amino acids?

A

primary

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16
Q

The alpha helix and beta pleated sheets are part of which level of the protein structure?

A

secondary

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17
Q

What level of the protein structure is where a protein molecule starts to fold into a 3D shape?

A

tertiary

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18
Q

What level of the protein structure is when multiple folded proteins join each other to become a functional protein?

A

Quarternary

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19
Q

The monomers that make up nucleic acids are

A

nucleotides

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20
Q

A nucleotide of DNA may contain

A

deoxyribose, phosphate group, and thymine

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21
Q

A ribonucleotide of RNA may contain

A

ribose, phosphate group and uracil

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22
Q

What type of chemical bond hold two DNA strands together in a double helix?

A

hydrogen bond

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23
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

cell

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24
Q

Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote? 1. bacterium 2. yeast 3. corona virus 4. spirogyra

A

bacterium

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25
Which of the following is enclose with two phospholipid bilayers? 1. mitochondrion 2. ribosome 3. vesicle 4. lysosome
mitochondrion
26
Which organelle is not a part of the endomembrane system? 1. mitochondrion 2. nucleus 3. endoplasmic reticulum 4. golgi apparatus
mitochondiron
27
Peroxisomes get their name because hydrogen peroxide is
produced during their oxidation reaction
28
In plant cells, the function of lysosomes is carried out by
vacuoles
29
Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest concentration of rough endoplasmic reticulum? 1. a cell that secretes enzymes 2. a cell that destroys pathogens 3. a cell that makes steroid hormones 4. a cell that engages in photosynthesis (such as a plant cell)
a cell that secretes enzymes
30
Which of the following is both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? 1. Ribosomes 2. Nucleus 3. Mitochondrion 4. Chloroplast
ribosomes
31
Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest concentration of smooth endoplasmic reticulum? 1. A cell that makes steroid hormones 2. A cell that secretes enzymes 3. A cell that destroys pathogens 4. A cell that engages in photosynthesis (such as a plant cell
a cell that makes steroid hormones
32
When an animal cell is present in a hypotonic solution it will
lysed
33
When an animal cell is present in a hypertonic solution it will
shriveled
34
Which plasma membrane component can be either found on its surface or embedded in the membrane structure?
protein
35
What is the principle driving movement of diffusion?
concentration gradient
36
How does the sodium-potassium pump make the interior of the cell negatively charged?
by expelling more cations than are taken in
37
What happens to the membrane of a vesicle after exocytosis?
it fuses with and becomes part of the plasma membrane
38
Which transport mechanism can bring whole cells into a cell?
phagocytosis
39
In what important way does receptor-mediated endocytosis differ from phagocytosis?
it provides specificity
40
What provides strength to animal cell membrane?
cholesterol
41
Proteins that will penetrate the hydrophobic layer of the phospholipid bilayer require _____ amino acids to do so
hydrophobic
42
What is inside the ER and golgi apparatus ends up outside of the cell
true
43
The total sum of all chemical reactions in the body is called
metabolism
44
A spontaneous reaction will have a delta (triangle) G sign that is
negative
45
The polymerization of biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, where small molecules are combine to make a larger molecule, is an example of what type of metabolism?
anabolism
46
The process of breaking down food such as glucose to produce energy mainly ATP, is an example of what type of metabolism?
catabolism
47
Endergonic processes that are unfavorable in the cell (such as driving active transport of the Na-K pump) are typically couples to the hydrolysis of
ATP
48
An enzyme is a biocatalyst. How does an enzyme speed up a chemical reaction?
it lowers the activation energy (decrease)
49
What type of biological macromolecules are enzymes?
protein
50
What would you predict would happen to the enzymatic activity if the enzyme was denatured?
loss of function
51
A drug binds to an enzyme and blocks its active site. This is an example of
competitive inhibition
52
Binding of a drug to an enzyme at a site remote from active site, alters the active site of an enzyme in such a way that its specific substrate cannot bind. This is an example of
non competitive inhibition allosteric regulation
53
In an enzyme catalyzed reaction, the reactant is called a
substrate
54
The overall energy production of glycolysis per glucose molecule is
2 ATP and 2 NADH
55
In cellular respiration, each molecule of glucose produce how many molecules of acetyl CoA?
2
56
The electron transport chain is a series of _____ embedded in the membrane
proton pumps
57
In the electron transport chain, the energy source that powers the proton pumps is
NADH
58
In cellular respiration, most ATP generated by the complete oxidation of glucose results from the reaction in
the electron transport chain
59
The electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation) process occurs in the
inner membrane of the mitochondria
60
Correct order for the steps of cellular respiration
glycolysis - pyruvate oxidation - citric acid cycle - oxidative phosphorylation
61
Carbon dioxide is given off during
citric acid cycle
62
Type of fermentation that can occur in animal muscle cells
lactic acid fermentation
63
Type of fermentation that can occur in yeast cells
alcohol fermentation
64
In aerobic cellular respiration, _____ acts as the terminal electron acceptor
oxygen
65
Where does water splitting occur in photosynthesis?
photosystem 2
66
The calvin cycle (light independent reactions) of photosynthesis requires _____ which are produced during the light dependent reactions
ATP and NADPH
67
What is the function of chlorophyll?
harvesting light energy to funnel it down to photosystems
68
What are the main products from photosynthesis?
sugar and oxygen
69
The enzyme ______ catalyzes CO2 fixation and is the most abundant enzyme on Earth
rubisco
70
In photosynthesis, _______ are reactants and ______ are products
water and CO2 ------ G3P and O2
71
In which compartment of the plant cell do the light independent reactions (calvin cycle) of photosynthesis take place?
stroma
72
What is the source of electrons for the chloroplast electron transport chain?
water
73
In the calvin cycle, ____ must be continuously regenerated in order for the light independent reactions to take place
RuBP
74
Why does water split in Photosystem 2?
to provide electrons

general biology 1 (1 decks)

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