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microbio 4000 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

bioremediation

A

using mircoganisms to hasten decay of pollution

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2
Q

what are the three domains

A

eucarya, bacteria, archaea

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3
Q

robert hook

A

reported that living things are composed of little boxes or cells, Cell Theory=all living things are composed of cells and come from preexisting cells

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4
Q

Anton Van LeeuWenhoek

A

first to obserce and describe living microorganisms

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5
Q

spontaneosis gerneration

A

the hypth. that living organisms arise from nonliving matter

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6
Q

biogenesis

A

hpoth. that living organisms arise from prexisting life

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7
Q

louis pasteur

A

demostrated that microorganisms are present in the air

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8
Q

Joseph Lister

A

used a chem disinfectant to prevent surgical wound infections

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9
Q

robet Koch

A

proved that bacterium causes anthrax and that specific microbes cause specific diseases

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10
Q

Jenner

A

inoculated a person with cow pox virus who was then protected from small pox

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11
Q

chemotherapy

A

treatment with chemicals

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12
Q

types of morphology

A

cocci, bacilli, vibrio, sprillum, spirochete

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13
Q

pleomorphic

A

bacteria can change their shape through out their life time

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14
Q

Gram positive cell wall

A

thick, teichoic acids sensitive to anabiotic, purple

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15
Q

gram negative

A

thin, outer membrane(lipid A for immunity system and Opolysaccharide for id species)
porin, pink or red

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16
Q

periplasmic space

A

btw the cytoplamic membrane and outer membrane and is filled with gel like periplasm

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17
Q

lysozyme

A

break bonds linking glycan chain(found in tears saliva and body fluids)

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18
Q

Fluid mosaic

A

proteins drift about in liped bilayer

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19
Q

proteins

A

selective gates, sensors of enviroment conditions , enzymes for ATP synthesis

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20
Q

hypertonic

A

h2o moves into cell

can cause osmotic lysis

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21
Q

hypotonic

A

h2o moves out of the cell

can cause plamolysis

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22
Q

isotonic

A

no net movement of water in or out of cell (saline)

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23
Q

Chemotaxis

A

bacteria sense chemicals and move accordingly

run and tumble movement

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24
Q

pili

A

twitching/ gliding motility

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25
Q

fimbriae

A

allow surface attachment

26
Q

All bacteria have

A

nucleoid, plasmids, ribosome,

27
Q

nucleoid

A

chromosome forms gel-like region lack neclears mem and histones

28
Q

plasmids

A

circular extachromosomal DNA not part of the nucleiod

29
Q

Ribosome

A

involved in ptn synthesis
prok=70s
Euk.80S

30
Q

Unique to some bacteria

A

Storage Granules gas vesicles endospores sporulation germination

31
Q

endospores

A

not a mech of reproduction but a form of resistance to heat toxic chem uv rad and bioling
ex gangreen

32
Q

gas vesicle

A

bouyancy

33
Q

storage granules

A

accumulation of polymeres
Glycogen granules
poly-B-hydroxybutryate granules(lipid)
volutin granules

34
Q

What are the 3 processes to generate ATP

A

substrate level phosphorylation
oxidative phosphorylation
photophosphorylation

35
Q

denaturation

A

active site unfolding

36
Q

biocatalysts

A

accelerate conversion of substrat into product by lowering activation energy

37
Q

cofactors

A

can assist deff enzymes, few types needed,

ex mg cu zn…

38
Q

coenzymes

A

organic cofactors

FAD NAD NADP

39
Q

Environmental Factors influencing Enzyme activity are

A

temp, pH, Salt concentration

40
Q

Precursor metabolites

A

intermediates of catabolism that can be used as anabolism/ biosyn

41
Q

Central Metabolic pathways are:

A

glycolysis pentose phosphate, tricarboxylic acid/kreb cycle

42
Q

Glycolysis

A

converts glucose into 2 pyravates, and has a net yeild of 2atp and 2nadh

43
Q

transition step

A

takes place in mitochondria in Eukac. but in the cytoplasm for prok. end products are:
2pyravates: 2 acetyl CoA, 2 Co2, 2 NADH

44
Q

TCA/Krebs

A 
completes oxidation of glucose 
products:
4Co2
2ATP
6NADH
2FADH2
45
Q

chemiosmotic theory

A

proton motive drives synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase

Peter mitchell 1961

46
Q

Three ptn complex in ETC are

A

Quinones, Cytochromes Flavoproteins

47
Q

chemolithotrophs

A

bacteria that complete respiration with inorganic compounds

48
Q

generation time

A

time bacteria take to double

varies among species and environment conditions

49
Q

batch culture

A

prok. grown in a agar plate or tube or flasks of broth
nutrients not renewed
wastes not removed, yield characteristics of growth curve

50
Q

major conditions influencing prok. growth

A

temp. O2, pH, water

51
Q

obligate Aerobes

A

require O2

52
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

prefer O2 but can grow with out it

53
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

destroy in O2 presence

54
Q

Microaerophiles

A

require small amounts of O2 to grow

55
Q

Aerotolerant anaerobes

A

dont use O2 but dont find it toxic either.

56
Q

Halophiles

A

require high salt concentration

57
Q

halotolerant

A

with stand high salt concentration

58
Q

acidophiles

A

grow optimal at pH below 5.5

59
Q

aklaliphiles

A

grow optimal at pH above 8.5

60
Q

neutrophiles

A

grow optimal at a pH btw 5 to 8

microbio 4000 (1 decks)

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