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CRJ 110 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Crime

A

conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local district for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse

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2
Q

Procedural Fairness

A

the process by which procedures that feel fair to those involved are made

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3
Q

Individual Rights

A

the rights guaranteed to all members of American society by the U.S Constitution

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4
Q

Social Disorganization

A

a condition that exists when a group is faced with social change, uneven development of culture, maladaptiveness, disharmony, conflict, and lack of consensus

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5
Q

Individual Rights Advocates

A

one who seeks to protect personal freedoms within the process of criminal justice

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6
Q

Justice

A

the principle of fairness the ideal of moral equity

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7
Q

Social Justice

A

an ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and that is linked to fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong

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8
Q

Civil Justice

A

the law of civil procedures and the array of procedures and activities having to do with private rights and remedies sought by civil action

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9
Q

Criminal Justice

A

in the strictest sense the criminal law, the law of criminal procedure, and the array of procedures and activities having to do with the enforcement of this body of law

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10
Q

Criminal Justice System

A

the aggregate of all operating and administrative or technical support agencies that perform criminal justice functions

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11
Q

Consensus model

A

a criminal justice perspective that assumes that the components of the system work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice

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12
Q

Warrant

A

a writ issued by a judicial officer directing a law enforcement officer to perform a specified act and affording the officer protecting from damages if he or she performs it

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13
Q

Booking

A

law enforcement or correctional administrative process officially recording an entry into detention after arrest and identifying the person, the place, the time, the reason for the arrest, and the arresting authority

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14
Q

Bail

A

the money or property pledged to the court or deposited with the court to affect the release of a person from legal custody

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15
Q

Preliminary Hearing

A

a proceeding before a judicial officer in which three matters must be decided (1) whether a crime was committed (2) whether the crime occurred within the territorial district of the court and (3) whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant committed the crime

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16
Q

Information

A

a committed formal written accusation submitted to a court by a prosecutor alleging that a specific person has committed a specific crime

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17
Q

Indictment

A

a formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury that a specified person has committed a specified offense, usually a felony

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18
Q

Grand Jury

A

a group of jurors who have been selected according to law and have even sworn to hear the evidence and to determine where there is sufficient evidence to bring the accused person to trial

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19
Q

Arraignment

A

strictly the hearing before a court having authority in a criminal case in which the identity of the defendant is established, the defendant is informed of the charge and of his or her rights, and the defendant is required to enter a plea

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20
Q

Trial

A

the examination in a court of the uses of fact and relevant law in a case

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21
Q

Due Process

A

a right guaranteed by the fourth, fifth, sixth, and fourteenth amendment and understood to mean the due course of legal proceedings according to the rules and forms established fo the protection of individual rights

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22
Q

Crime Control model

A

a criminal justice perspective that emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders

23
Q

Due Process Model

A

a criminal justice perspective that emphasizes individual rights at all stages of justice system processing

24
Q

Social Control

A

the use of sanctions and rewards within a group to infuse and shape the behavior of individual members of that group

25
Q

Criminology

A

the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehab and punishment of offenders

26
Q

Multiculturalism

A

the existence within one society of diverse groups that maintain unique cultural identities while frequently accepting and participating in the larger society’s legal and political system

27
Q

In the 1990s the perception that crime rates where increasing and that offenders were not being punished resulted in an increased focus on

A

Individual rights

28
Q

A person who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interest of society should take precedence over individual is an _______ advocate

A

public order

29
Q

Which model best assumes that the system’s components work together harmoniously to achieve justice

A

the consensus model

30
Q

Before being questioned defendants are usually advided of them

A

Miranda rights

31
Q

During which stage in the criminal justice process are suspects photographed and fingerprinted

A

Booking

32
Q

The _________ amendment to the U.S constitution gives every defendant the right to a trail by jury

A

Sixth

33
Q

An offender is convicted of multiple crimes and is sentenced for each offense

A

Concurrent

34
Q

Offenders who have served a portion of their prison sentences may be released on _______

A

Parole

35
Q

If you are looking for national crime statistics and want data on crimes reported to the police, you should use which of the following sources of data?

A

Uniform Crime Report

36
Q

For which of the following studies would you want to use NIBRS rather than the UCR?

A

A study examining multiple crimes that occur within a single incident

37
Q

Uniform Crime Reporting Program

A

a statistical reporting system run by the FBI’s criminal justice information services division

38
Q

NCVS

A

an annual survey of selected American households conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the extent of criminal victimization

39
Q

Crime Index

A

a now defunct but once inclusive measure of the UCR program’s violent and property crime categories

40
Q

National Incident-based reporting system (NIBRS)

A

an incident-based reporting system that collects detailed data on every single crime occurrence

41
Q

Violent Crimes

A

a UCR/NIBRS summary offense category that traditionally includes murder rape robbery and aggravated assault

42
Q

Property Crimes

A

a UCR/NIBRS summary offense category that includes burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft and arson

43
Q

Clearance Rate

A

a measure of investigative effectiveness that compares the number of crimes reported or discovered to the number of crimes solved through arrest or other means

44
Q

Murder

A

the unlawful killing of a human being

45
Q

Rape

A

unlawful sexual intercourse achieved through force and without consent

46
Q

Robbery

A

the unlawful taking or attempted taking of property by force or violence

47
Q

Assault

A

an unlawful attack by one person upon another

48
Q

Burglary

A

unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft

49
Q

statutory law

A

written or codified law

50
Q

Penal Code

A

the written organized and compiled form of the criminal laws of a jurisdiction

51
Q

Actus Reus

A

an act in violation of the law

52
Q

Mens Rea

A

the state of mind that accompanies a criminal act

53
Q

criminal negligence

A

behavior in which a person fails to responsibly perceive the substantial and unjustifiable risks of dangerous consequences

CRJ 110 (1 decks)

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