Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro Biological Anthropology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Evolutionary Theory

A

It is both a fact & theory
- we know evolution happens but we don’t know everything that happens when evolution happens
- in order for evolution or occur genes must be inheritable
- evolutionary theory was developed over several centuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the building blocks for evolution

A

Fossils and Modern evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three key concepts needed for the development of evolutionary theory

A
  • The earth is ancient
  • The surface of the earth has changed & continues to change
  • The plants and animals on the earth have changed and continue to change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who said that earth was the center of the universe and who adopted this for 1500 years

A

Aristotle
Adopted by the church and much of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Europe’s dark ages were considered the golden ages of what in the middle east

A

Astronomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What Islamic Scholar calculated the wobble of the earth (how the earth moves)

A

Ibn Yunus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Al-Jahiz did what?

A

Early evolutionary writing
Described the 3 mechanisms of evolution
- Animals struggle for existence & resources
- Animals have to avoid predation
- Animals compete to breed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who referenced the bible to determine when earth was made

A

Bishop Usher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When did Bishop Usher determine the earth was made

A

4004 BC – referenced the bible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who suggested the sun was at the center of the solar system and built on Ibn Yunus work

A

Copernicus
(church didn’t take notice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who used math to argue for Copernicus claim

A

Galileo Galilei (Church took notice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who’s theory did the church not take notice of and who’s theory did the church take notice of

A

Church didn’t take notice of Copernicus
Church did take notice of Galileo Galilei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sir Francis Bacon developed what

A

The Scientific Method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 6 attributes of a human

A
  1. Bipedalism
  2. Non-honing chewing
  3. Materialistic Culture
  4. Speech
  5. Hunting (tools/strategies)
  6. Domesticated foods (plants/animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the four subfields of anthropology

A
  1. cultural
  2. archaeology
  3. Linguistic
    Biological
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anthropology is considered what

A

Holistic
- The science of humans has 4 distinct subfields that exist cohesively by asking similar questions and adding depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cultural

A
  • Construction of cultural norms
  • Expressions of power and agency
  • Rights of passage (puberty, marriage, child birth)
  • Ethnography & Ethnology
  • Participant observation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lingustics

A
  • Recording dying languages
  • Grouping language families
  • Understanding how words are used & how they change
  • Track population movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Archaeology

A
  • Study patterns of a behavior (use material record like trash)
  • Contextual Analysis not tomb raiding like Indiana Jones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Biological

A
  • Biological & Bicultural (humas past & present)
  • Closest living relatives (primates)
  • Physical Anthropology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why was biological anthropology used to be called physical anthropology

A

Racial undertones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Carolous Linnaeus did what?

A

He identified humans and non human primates as close relatives
&
named 4 variaties of humas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What were the 4 variaties of humans Carolous Linnaeus names?

A
  • European (white)
  • American (reddish)
  • Asiatic (tawny)
  • African (black)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who added more variates of humans for pacific populations

A

Johann Blumenbach
- Human morphometrics (craniology)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Who was the father of American physical anthropology

A

Samuel Morton
- Collected more than 700 crania
- Identified the 5 racial variates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who was a critique of Samuel Morton

A

Stephen Jay Gould

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is Evolution?

A

A sequence of changes over time
- Changes must be inheritable
- Nature determines if traits are adaptive or maladaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Who were the three founders of modern physical anthropology

A
  • Franz Boas
  • Ales Hrdlicka
  • Earnest Hooton
29
Q

Who was Franz Boas

A

Father of American Anthropology
- broad vision of anthropology as a 4-field science

30
Q

Who was Ales Hrdlicka

A
  • Determined to move physical anthropology forward as a recognized science
  • Founded American journal of physical anthropology and principle organizer
  • First president of American association of physical anthropology
31
Q

Who was Earnest Hooton

A
  • Trained in American institutions
  • Professional career at Harvard
  • Over 25 PHDs
32
Q

Scientific Method Stepts

A
  • Make observations
  • Create a question
  • Hypothesis
  • Test
  • Analyze & Conclude
  • Repeat the steps
  • Trying to disprove
33
Q

What was the Early Evolutionary Theory

A
  • No Basis
  • Highly Contentious
  • Often secretive and obscure
  • Erasmus Darwin wrote poetry about evolution
    -Paleontology – Study of fossils
34
Q

Who was Robert Hooke

A
  • Studied tissue structure
  • Determined fossils were once living
  • Fossils are organisms remains
35
Q

What is Paleontology and who is associated with it

A

Study of Fossils

Robert Hooke

36
Q

What is Taxonomy & Systematics

A

Classification of past and living species

37
Q

Who was John Ray

A
  • Grouped organisms together
  • Talked about reproductively isolated
38
Q

Who is the Father of Taxonomy

A

Carl Von Linné

39
Q

Who was Carl Von Linné

A
  • Standardized Ray’s work
  • Binomial nomenclature
40
Q

What is Binomial Nomenclature

A
  • Class and order to system
  • Two latin names that describes organisms
  • Genus Species – What species are related to what other species
41
Q

What did James Hutton Study

A

Rain & Erosion (geology)
- determined earth’s surface changed
- developed the idea of uniformitarianism

42
Q

Who is credited with developing the theory of Uniformitarianism

A

James Hutton

43
Q

What is Uniformitarianism

A

Processes that happened in the past are still happening today and will continue to happen in the future

44
Q

Who is Jean Baptiste Lamarck

A
  • Published Philosophie Zoologique
  • Advanced well supported ideas of evolution
  • Gets wrong mechanism for how evolution works
  • Giraffe guy
45
Q

Who ridiculed Jean Baptiste Lamarck and what was the outcome

A

Cuvier

Jean Baptiste Lamarck died a pauper in Paris

46
Q

What did Jean Baptiste Lamarck get wrong

A
  • Change does not occur within a lifetime
  • Change is not directed by will
  • No inheritance of acquired characteristics
47
Q

What did Jean Baptiste Lamarck get right

A
  • Living organism arose from precursor species
  • Relationship between change and environment
48
Q

Who was the father of comparative anatomy & vertebrate paleontology

A

Baron Georges Cuvier

49
Q

Who was Cuvier an opponent of

A

Lamarks

50
Q

Cuvier understood what and developed the idea of what

A

He understood extinction but still believed in fixity of species

He developed the idea of catastrophism

51
Q

What is Catastrophism

A

Multiple catastrophes create new fossil layers

52
Q

Who resurrected Uniformitarianism & who’s idea was it originally

A

Charles Lyell resurrected the idea

It originally came from Hutton

53
Q

Lyell believed what

A
  • He believed in Uniformitarianism but rejected catastrophism
  • Geological landscape is still changing
  • Forces are slow moving & earth is ancient
54
Q

Who did Lyell influence

A

Charles Darwin with his publication of Principles of Geology

55
Q

How did Darwin influence evolution

A

Natural Selection

56
Q

Why did Darwin not want to publish right away?

A

He wanted all of this thoughts to be organized before he published

57
Q

According to Darwin population size increases exponentially while what stays relatively stable

A

Food supplies

58
Q

What is the key for Natural Selection

A

Competition for resources (Darwin translated this to plants and animals)

59
Q

What is the theory of Natural Selection

A

The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

  • Population is limited by food supply
  • Members of populations compete for access to food
60
Q

What finally convinced Darwin to publish his work on evolution

A

Alfred Russel Wallace wanted to publish the same concepts Darwin had

-Wallace sent letters to Darwin and asked Darwin to review and send it to Lyell
- Darwin suggested they publish together

61
Q

Why was Wallace lost in Darwin’s shadow

A

Darwin had a greater social and scientific status than Wallace did

Wallace did gain higher scientific status upon returning however he was still lost in Darwin’s shadow

62
Q

What were Darwin’s contributions

A
  • Evolution has occurred
  • Gradual change
  • Theory of natural selection
  • Speciation – one species gives rise to another species
  • Decent of Man (humans evolved, 12 years after origins)
63
Q

Who was Thomas Huxley

A

Darwin’s bulldog, biggest defender of Darwin
- Urged Darwin to publish before Wallace

64
Q

Who was Gregor Mendel

A
  • Moravian Monk
  • Experimented on plant hybrids (pea plants)
  • Father of Genetics
  • This was genetic proof of what Darwin was proposing but it went unnoticed

Mendel did NOT influence Darwin

65
Q

Who was Julian Huxley

A
  • Grandson of Thomas Huxley
  • Synthesized (brought together) evolution and genetics
66
Q

What did Gould and Eldredge do

A

Theory of punctuated equilibrium
- Stasis of rapid change
- Opposed Darwin’s theory of gradualism

67
Q

Evolutionary theory was a combination of what

A
  • Paleontology
  • Taxonomy & Systematics
  • Geology
  • Demographics
  • Genetics
  • Natural Selection is the driving force of evolution
68
Q

What are Prokaryotic Cells

A
  • Single celled organisms like bacteria & algae
  • Have no organelles (nucleus, mitochondria)
  • 2.33 bya
69
Q

What are Eukaryotic Cells

A
  • Multi-celled organism
  • Contains organelles (nucleus, mitochondria)
  • Cells organized and specialized
  • Each one contains complete DNA code
  • 1.2 bya

Intro Biological Anthropology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions