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Bio 240- Ecology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does “oikos” means?

A

house

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2
Q

What does “reductionism” mean?

A

breaking complex things into parts that can be understood separately

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3
Q

Who wrote “silent spring”?

A

Rachel Carson

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4
Q

What was silent spring about?

A

pesticides

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5
Q

How did silent spring change the science of ecology?

A

by raising awareness of human impacts in natural systems

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5
Q

How did silent spring change the science of ecology?

A

by raising awareness of human impacts in natural systems

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6
Q

What best describe ecology?

A

the study of living systems

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7
Q

Which level of organization in ecology is the most inclusive?

A

Landscape

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8
Q

Explain why ecologists publish papers in a wide variety of scientific journals

A

Ecology is interdisciplinary

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9
Q

What major unexpected ecological change was caused by the construction of the Aswan High Dam?

A

collapse of the Mediterranean sardine fishery

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10
Q

What are the two measurable environmental factors that influence terrestrial ecosystems the most?

A

Temperature and precipitation

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11
Q

Which is a biotic ecological factor?

A

disease

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12
Q

What is quantified on the y-axis of a one-dimensional niche’ diagram?

A

population density

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13
Q

If a transplanted organism dies, what does this suggest about that organism’s niche’?

A
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14
Q

Best definition of “climate”

A

prevailing weather conditions

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15
Q

Why is it warmer at the equator than the north pole?

A

because of the angle of solar incidence

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16
Q

Why is it warmer in the summer than the winter?

A

because of the angle of solar incidence

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17
Q

why is it dryer on the leeward side of an island?

A

because rising air causes rain to fall on the windward side

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18
Q

How does Coriolis’ acceleration, influence weather patterns?

A
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19
Q

Why are most of the Earth’s deserts at 30 degrees north latitude?

A
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20
Q

Which biome is South Carolina associated with?

A
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21
Q

Which biome has the highest evapotranspiration rates?

A

Tropical forest

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22
Q

Which biome is the hottest?

A
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23
Q

Which biome is the driest?

A

desert

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24
Q

Which biome is heavily influenced by coastal atmospheric moisture?

A

chaparral

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25
Q

Explains the absence of trees on the tundra

A

permafrost

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26
Q

A plant term primarily associated with temperate broadleaf forests

A
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27
Q

Least likely to be found in the southern hemisphere

A
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28
Q

A terrestrial biome that is not influenced by latitude

A

alpine

29
Q

Dominated by “softwood” trees

A
30
Q

How much of our planet is covered in water?

A

71%

31
Q

How deep is most of the Earth’s water?

A
32
Q

How does water depth limit aquatic ecosystems?

A

by influencing light availability

33
Q

Which organisms is most likely to be benthic?

A

a clam

34
Q

Describes a babbling brook

A

lotic

35
Q

What is the temperature of nearly all of the Earth’s ocean water?

A

4 degree C

36
Q

Why does the temperature of the oceans remain so stable?

A
37
Q

What conditions are required for coral reefs to develop ?

A
38
Q

Associated with hydrothermal vent communities

A
39
Q

How deep is the hadal zone?

A
40
Q

What is the approximate age of the Earth (and the rest of the solar system)?

A

4.6 billion years

41
Q

What Eon of the geologic time scale are we in today?

A
42
Q

Which type of organism appeared first on Earth?

A

bacteria

43
Q

When did the most recent mass extinction event take place?

A

66 million years ago

44
Q

Which animal is extinct?

A

the wooly mammoth

45
Q

What organism on the Galapagos Islands did Charles Darwin use to model the process of Natural Selection?

A

finches

46
Q

What concept that was missing from Charles Darwin’s logic has been brought into modern evolutionary theory?

A
47
Q

Which of the five Kingdoms was the last one to appear on Earth?

A

plants

48
Q

What word did Charles Darwin never use in hid scientific Publications?

A
49
Q

What was the name of the ship that carried Charles Darwin around the world?

A

the Beagle

50
Q

Under what conditions does genetic drift become more likely?

A

in a small populations

51
Q

Which is NOT a condition of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?

A

stable environmental conditions

52
Q

The phenotype of star-bellied sneetches is controlled by a single 2-allele gene. Star-bellies are dominant, and plain-bellies are recessive.

What is the genotype of a sneetch with no star?

A

ss

53
Q

If 75% of the sneetches in a population have star-belies, what is the approximate frequency of the recessive allele?

A
54
Q

If 75% of the sneethces in a population have star-bellies, what is the approximate frequency of the dominant allele?

A
55
Q

What proportion of the sneethces on beaches are heterozygous for the star-belly gene?

A

0.50

56
Q

Associated with microevolution

A

gene frequencies

57
Q

Theoretical outcome for a population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

A

unpredictable evolutionary change

58
Q

All alleles at all gene loci in all individual of a population

A

a gene pool

59
Q

NOT required to define a genetic population

A

all individuals must be the same age

60
Q

Which is a vital rate that influences evolutionary fitness?

A

reproduction rate

61
Q

What type of selection is demonstrated by bees that die in the act of protecting the hive?

A
62
Q

What type of selection is demonstrated by colorful male betta fish (siamese fighting fish) that can be bought at a pet store.

A

sexual selection

63
Q

What type of selection is demonstrated by corn plants with large aggregate fruits (ears)?

A

artificial selection

64
Q

What famous evolutionary case study illustrated natural selection in moth populations?

A

industrial melanism

65
Q

Explains why sickle cell disease is common in sub-Saharan Africa

A

adaptive heterozygosity

66
Q

Unlikely to exhibit sexual selection

A

a tree

67
Q

Explain why human birth weights generally fall between 6 to 9 lbs

A

stabilizing selection

68
Q

Explain why moths in southeastern Great Britain are generally darker in color

A

darker moths are more likely to survive and reproduce there

69
Q

Promotes rare traits and suppresses common ones

A

Bio 240- Ecology (1 decks)

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