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Health psychology exam 1 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is a problem with research identifying the effectiveness of CAMs for the treatment of health conditions?

A

research studies to examine CAMs practices often involve small samples that do not provide evidence of statistically treatment effectiveness, do not include a control group, rely on self reports and ancedotal evidence

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2
Q

Which of the following is an example of complementary and alternative medicine?

A

massage

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3
Q

complementary and alternative medicine is the name given to a category of medical treatments:

A

Designed to treat the whole body to achieve health

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4
Q

Health psychologists believe that it is crucial to understand a patient’s beliefs because:

A

What patients believe impacts how they respond to treatment.

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5
Q

health psychology

A

dedicated to promoting and maintaining health and preventing illness

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6
Q

epidemiology

A

focus on the frequency, distribution and causes of different diseases

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7
Q

mortality

A

how common or how likely was someone to get diagnosed with something

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8
Q

health literacy

A

ability to understand and use health info to make decision about ones health

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9
Q

goals of health pyschology

A
  1. focus on health promotion and maintenance
  2. enhance and create programs for prevention and treatment
  3. greater understanding of the epetiology/ traits that affect illness
  4. enhance the health care system and the formulation health policy
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10
Q

humoral theory

A

a healthy body and mind resulted from equilibrium among body fluids
1. blood
2. yellow bile
3. black bile
4. phelm

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11
Q

allopathy

A

to cause the opposite effect created by disease

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12
Q

reductionist approach

A

based on biological factors - genetics, injury, physiology, chemisty ect

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13
Q

social

A

relationships, social support, culture, health experience, socio economic status

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14
Q

psychological

A

emotional state, sense of self, beliefs, knowledge, acceptance

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15
Q

evolutionary perspective

A

human traits that exist due to historical value across generations

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16
Q

life course persistent

A

different health experiences across the lifespan
– changes in susceptibility of health conditions/death relative to age

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17
Q

gender perspective

A

influence of gender stereotypes on the experience of health illness

– impact of gender bias in research and the receipt of health care

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18
Q

sociocultural perspective

A

factors of culture influence experience of health and disease

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19
Q

culture

A

influence health behaviors, treatment options and sense of well being

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20
Q

culture and health disparites

A

biological sex, race, and socioeconomic states

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21
Q

research question

A

what you want to know

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22
Q

hypothesis

A

prediction statement

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23
Q

operational definition

A

how you define the variables/ percise form of measurement for variables of interest

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24
Q

data collection

A

who to recruit for participants/ where and how to gather data

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25
Q

data analysis and interpretation

A

statistical analysis and draw conclusions

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26
Q

descriptive research methods

A

observe and record behavior

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27
Q

quantitative reseach

A

precise or numerical assesment (in a lab or natural setting)

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28
Q

correlations

A

variables “go together” (direction +/-)

positive = one goes up the other does too
negative = go in opposite direction

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29
Q

confound variable

A

outlier you arent studying but can affect the study

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30
Q

qualitative research

A

focus on groups and open ended questions

  • assement to identify themes in response – draw conclusions
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31
Q

experiments

A

random assignment, manipulate variables, experimental and control groups

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32
Q

quasi - experiment design

A

issue of ethical constraints, data from already made groups, use comparison group

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33
Q

longitudinal designs

A

examine 1 or more groups over time, often prospective research, advantages and disadvantages

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34
Q

cross sectional designs

A

examine 2+ groups at a time, often retrospective research

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35
Q

prevalence

A

of people w a disease or behavior

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36
Q

incidence rate

A

of new case of disease/ behavior

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37
Q

ANOVAS

A

analysis to compare between groups, identify differences by average scores/outcomes

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38
Q

odds ratio

A

probablity of an outcome/ likliehood of an outcome

39
Q

relative risk

A

likelihood of outcome of behavior

40
Q

attributable risk

A

change in outcome of behavior removed

41
Q

psychoneurology immunology (mind and body)

A

field of research that emphasizes the interaction of psychological neuroendocrine and immunological process in health

42
Q

epigenetics

A

field of study focused on the genes of and environment interaction

43
Q

genotype

A

who you based on your genes

44
Q

phenotype

A

your own features

45
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

46
Q

pheripheral nervous system

A

somatic and autonomic

47
Q

somatic

A

voluntary movements

48
Q

sympathetic

A

heart attack, blood pressure, autonomic responses

49
Q

parasympathic

A

calming down and returning to resting heart rate

50
Q

parietal lobe

A

sensory info, space and position of yourself

51
Q

frontal lobe

A

cognitive process and movement

52
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory info

53
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual info

54
Q

medulla

A

controls vital signs

55
Q

reticular formation

A

subserves autonomic, motor, sensory, behavioral, cognitive, and mood-related functions.

56
Q

endocrine system

A

adrenal glands secrete hormones in body response to stress
pancreas secretes insulin for the body to use food for energy

57
Q

immune system

A

to distinguish between body cells from foreign cells and to destroy foreign substances

58
Q

non specific immunity

A

1st defense - skin and nasal cavity
2nd defense - phagocytosis (attack invaders) , phagocyte/ macrophages, patrol body to destroy invaders

59
Q

inflammatory response

A

restores tissues promotes healing but can cause further damage

60
Q

specifc immunity

A

some cells fight some make antibodies

61
Q

descriptive study

A

case studies, interviews, surveys, focus groups and observational studies

62
Q

case study

A

one person is studied in depth

63
Q

limitations of surveys and interviews

A

people may answer in ways they want to be perceived

64
Q

epidemiologist 5 objectives

A
  1. identitfy the etiology of a particular disease in order to generate a hypothesis
  2. evaluate the hypothesis
  3. test the hypothesis by assessing the effectiveness of specific prevention health intervention
65
Q

epidemiologist

A

test hypothesis by attempting to predict the incidence and prevalence of disease

66
Q

retrospective

A

group have a certain disease and then look backward in time in an attempt to reconstruct the characteristics that led to the condition

67
Q

prospective study

A

group of people free of disease and follows them over a period of time to determine whether a condition or behavior is related to later health conditions

68
Q

meta analysis

A

quantitiative technique that combines the result of many studies examining the same effect or phenomenon

69
Q

qualitative

A

narrative response

70
Q

randomized clinical trials

A

allows researchers to draw conclusions about cause and effect relationship

71
Q

reticular formation

A

brainstem circuit governs arousal and sleep

72
Q

thalamus

A

sorts sensory info and sends it to other lobes

73
Q

cerebellum

A

little brain

74
Q

limib system

A

neurons surrounding the central core of the brain
- fear and aggression
-hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus

74
Q

limib system

A

neurons surrounding the central core of the brain
- fear and aggression
-hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus

75
Q

amygdala

A

emotional response

76
Q

hippocampus

A

spatial orientation, learning, and memory

77
Q

hypothalamus

A

hunger, thirst, body temp, sexual behavior, helps govern the endocrine system via pituitary gland

78
Q

association cortex

A

areas of the cerebral cortex that integrate multisensory info and higher mental functions such as thinking and speaking

79
Q

adrenal cortex

A

secrete stress hormones - epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol

80
Q

nonspecific immune response

A

injury becomes red, warm, and tender

81
Q

inflammation

A

isolates injured tissue, mobilizes our immune response and promotes healing

82
Q

erythrocytes

A

carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body

83
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells
-clot blood when needed
-represent a defense system of the immune response

84
Q

cultural differences in health

A

-where you live/ resources provided in your geo location
-specialists, clinics health professionals

84
Q

cultural differences in health

A

-where you live/ resources provided in your geo location
-specialists, clinics health professionals

85
Q

conventional medicine

A

healthcare based in western biomedical practices
- medical degrees, technology

86
Q

alternative medicine

A

health care practices that are not taught in medical school
-care options generally not offered in hospitals or funded by insurance

87
Q

complementary action

A

combination of conventional and alternative practices healthcare
-massage, meditation

88
Q

intergrative medicine

A

multidisciplinary approach to health care = western biomedicine and cams

89
Q

evidence based medicine

A

approach to health care that promotes the collection, interpretation, and integration of the best research-based evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients

90
Q

osetopathic medicine

A

medicine that provides all the benefits of conventional allopathic medicine and emphasizes the interrelationship between the structure and function of the body

91
Q

hollistic

A

considers the physical health as well as the mental and emotional health

92
Q

Nacebo

A

a harmless substance that nevertheless creates harmful effects in a person who takes it

Health psychology exam 1 (2 decks)

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