Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY 100 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Psychology.

A

the study of thoughts, feelings, behavior, and mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the goals of science?

A

Description, explanation, prediction, control, application

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the levels of analysis in psychology? Use examples.

A

The Brain/Biological level
- how the physical body contributes to mind and behavior
- musical training can change the brain functions and structures.

The individual level
- the individual differences in personality and in the mental processes that affect how people perceive and know the world
- music can affect mood, memory, decision making, etc

The group/social level
- group contexts affect the ways in which people interact and influence each other
- how music can influence context, music reduces stress especially when enjoyed with others

Community/Culture level
- explores how peoples thoughts, feelings and actions are similar or different across cultures
- Native Hawaiian culture vs Filipino culture-
- US and UK are subtly prejudice against black people bc of social attitudes towards rap and hiphop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define Critical Thinking

A

the ability to think clearly and rationally, being wary of something but also being open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Introspection

A

analyzing one’s own thoughts, feelings, behaviors and mental processu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who came up with structuralism?

A

Wundht and Titchener

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is structuralism?

A

theory that seems to analyze the elements of mental experiences like sensations, mental images etc
- What is the structure of the mind and body?

  • everything together makes up the entire experience
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give an example of structuralism.

A

Describing an apple, or describing your experience in the ocean.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who is the founder of scientific psychology?

A

William wundt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who is the founder of Functionalism?

A

William james

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define functionalism.

A

theory about the nature of mental states, and they are identified by what they do not by what they are made of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Provide an example of functionalism.

A

Parents provide for children, in return children take care of elderly parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who is the founder of gestalt theory?

A

Werlheimer, Kohler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Gestalt Theory?

A

Looks at the human mind and behavior as a whole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does the mind help us function in the world?

A

Functionalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the building blocks of the conscious? What is the structure of the mind and behavior?

A

Structuralism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an example of Gestalt theory?

A

Seeing little circles that outline or make up a bigger circle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do patterns and context affect consciousness and experience?

A

Gestalt Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who founded Psychodynamic theory?

A

freud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do unconscious forces influence our behavior?

A

Psychodynamic theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some problems of psychodynamic theory?

A

theory is too simple
freud is sexist
no way to epirically research the unconscious mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Who founded behaviorism?

A

Watson, Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Behaviorism?

A

the theory that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does observable behavior tell us about how we learn?

A

Behaviorism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Who founded cognitive revolution

A

Neisser, newell, simon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How do mental process work?

A

cognitive revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What was the cognitive revolution?

A

movement that began in the 1950s when attention turned from behavior to a persons cognitive process and structures

28
Q

What was the role of computers in the cognitive revolution?

A

Computers were used as an analogy to which they could compare human mental processing

29
Q

Who founded social psychology?

A

Lewin, Allport, asch

30
Q

How does behavior arise from both a persons traits and the social context?

A

Social Psychology

31
Q

What is social psychology?

A

how social influence, perception, and interaction influence individual and group behavior

32
Q

Who founded evolutionary psychology?

A

Cosmides, tooby, pinker

33
Q

What cognitive strategies and goals are adaptive?

A

Evolutionary psychology

34
Q

What is evolutionary psychology?

A

study of behavior, thought, and feeling as viewed through the lens of evolutionary biology

35
Q

What are the different types of todays psychologists?

A

Biological/neuroscience
Cognitive
Developmental
Personality/Clinical
Social

36
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A
  1. research a question
  2. literature review
  3. form a hypothesis
  4. design a study
  5. conduct the study
  6. analyze the data
  7. report the results
37
Q

What is operational definition?

A

Specify how the variables are measured or manipulated

38
Q

What are the three basic types of research?

A
  • descriptive
  • correlational
  • experimental
39
Q

What does descriptive research aim to do?

A

observe and describe naturally occurring behaviors to provide a systematic and objective analysis

40
Q

What are the different types of descriptive research?

A
  • naturalistic observation
  • participant observation
  • case studies
  • surveys
41
Q

What does correlational studies aim to do?

A

examine the relationships between two or more variables that are measured but not manipulated

42
Q

What are the different components of experimental research?

A
  • independent variable
  • dependent variable
  • effect
  • confound
43
Q

What is the independent variable in experimental research?

A

any variable the researcher manipulates

44
Q

What is the dependent variable in experimental research?

A

measured while the independent variable is changed. depends on the independent variable

45
Q

What is the effect in experimental research?

A

the difference in the DV that is due to changes in the IV

46
Q

What is the confound in experimental research?

A

anything other than the IV that effects the DV

47
Q

What is naturalistic observation?

A

the observer is passive and remains separated from the situation, makes no attempt to change or alter ongoing behavior

48
Q

What is participant observation?

A

researcher is involved in the study and can change or alter behavior

49
Q

What is a case study?

A

an intensive observation, recording, and description of an atypical person or organization

50
Q

What is a survey/self report method?

A

method of data collection used in which people are asked to provide information

51
Q

What is a positive correlation?

A

when higher values on one variable predicts higher values on a second variable

52
Q

What is a negative correlation?

A

an increase in one variable predicts a decrease in the other variable

53
Q

population vs sample

A

population:
the group the experimenters are interested in
sample:
the subset of the group experimenters want to study

54
Q

random assignment vs random sampling

A

assignment:
assign participants to the experimental and control groups
sampling:
represents the population fairly and equally

55
Q

What is convenience sampling?

A

taken from a subgroup of the full population that happens to be available

56
Q

What is quasi-experiments? What are the strengths and weakness of quasi-experiments?

A

experiments w/o random assignment

strength:
real world phenomena that cannot be studied in experiments
weakness
lack of control means limited casual inferences

57
Q

When would you use quasi-experimental? What is an example of a variable you can’t control?

A

Use when it is unethical or impractical to run a true experiment

variable you cant control is differences between quasi vs true experiments

58
Q

Reliability vs validity vs accuracy

A

reliability:
the stability and consistency of a measure over time

validity:
variables measure what they are supposed to measure

accuracy:
the degree to which the measure is error fee

59
Q

What is the expectancy effects?

A

experimenters expectations leads them to treat participants in a way that produces expected results

60
Q

What is selection/sampling bias?

A

choosing non random individuals, groups or data

61
Q

What is Experimenter Bias?

A

When experimenters introduce bias into an experiment
ex: manipulating results, choosing certain participants

62
Q

What is Observer bias?

A

When a researchers expectations, opinions, or prejudices influence what they percieve or record in a study

63
Q

What is Response bias?

A

providing inaccurate, or false answers to self-report questions

64
Q

What is Self-report bias?

A

deviation between the self-reported and true values of the same measure

asking people to describe their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors rather than measuring for them

65
Q

What is systematic bias?

A

sampling error that results in the way in which research is conducted

66
Q

How do we detect confounds?

A
  • pointing out third variables

PSY 100 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions