Exam 1 Flashcards
Occurs after the development of a disease or risk factor, but before symptoms appear.
secondary
Occurs after the initial occurrence of symptoms, but before irreversible disability.
tertiary
What is the “P” in PERIE process?
Problem
often useful for displaying the changes in the age of distribution that occur over time.
population pyramids
The number of new cases of a disease in a year divided by the number of people in the at-risk population.
Incidence
Efforts to change behavior based on info.
Information/Education
Implies that as social and economic development occurs, different types of diseases become prominent .
Epidemiological Transition
What works to reduce health impact?
Recommendation
How can we get the job done?
Implementation
How well does the intervention work in practice?
Evaluation
The number of people living with a disease divided by the number of people in the at-risk population.
Prevelance
Required by law or institutional sanction.
obligation
Rewards to encourage/discourage.
motivation
Implies that countries frequently move from poorly balanced diets often deficient in nutrients, proteins, and calories to a diet of highly processed food, including fats, sugars, and salts.
nutritional transition
What is/are the contributory causes?
Etiology
Takes place BEFORE the onset of the disease.
primary intervention
Coordination of public health and healthcare delivery based upon shared evidence-based systems thinking: Antibiotic resistance, global collaboration, and climate change.
population health
APHA
Demonstration of infection as origins of disease.
Germ Theory (Louis Pasteur)
Contagion Contra
- “savior of mothers”
- Early pioneer of antiseptic procedures
- Determined Puerperal fever (childbed fever) could be reduced by requiring hand washing in obstetrical clinics
Ignaz Semmelweis
- 1850’s
- “Father of Epidemiology
- Established importance of careful data collection, and documentation of rates of disease before and after intervention to evaluate effectiveness.
- Closing of Broad-Street Pump-Chlorea-Containment water
John Snow
The totality of all evidence-based public and private efforts throughout the life cycle that preserve and promote health and prevent disease, disability (morbidity), and death.
Public Health
- Late 1700’s
- English physician
- Noted that couopox could protect against smallpox
Edward Jenner
Education income, race
socioeconomic cultural
Access to physicians, supplies, vaccines, etc..
The quality of medical care.
Medical care
Natural physical world
Your house causing asthma could be of mold.
Environment
Roles that genetic factors play in the development/outcome of disease.
Genetics
Actions that increase exposure to factors that produce disease or protect individuals from disease.
behavior
- 1951
- cervical cancer
- while receiving from her cervix without her knowledge
- cells, nickname “Helia”, contributed to significant advances in scientific and medical research
Henrietta Lacks
- Medicaid and Medicare were developed to assist those without the benefit of private medical care
- Antibiotics, the concept of risk factors, and control of specific communicable diseases are also addressed during this era
Filling holes in the medical care system
Focus of this era was improving the sanitary conditions for improved health
hygiene movement
often the direct cause of disease
infection
1980s
american teenager, acquired HIV through contaminated blood treatment
due to lack of understanding about HIV/AIds
Ryan White
Long throught to be an infectious disease. United states public health service established it was a nutritional deficiency easily prevented or cured with vitamin B-6 or balanced diet
Pellagra
British naval commander
demonstarted the effect of citrus fruit
James Lind
Focus is on individual behavior and disease detection in vulnerable
Health promotion
The impact of falling childhood death rates and extended life spans on the size and the age distrubution of populations
demographic transition
special locations are required to produce disease
Geography
Religious and cultural practices provided the framework for individual and community behaviors
Health protection
