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Psysiology & Anatomy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Ion

A

Atom or molecule with a positive or negative charge

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2
Q

Buffer

A

Chemical substance or system that minimizes change in pH by releasing or binding hydrogen ions

Resists change in pH

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3
Q

Chemical energy

A

Break down of things, energy stored in the bonds of chemical substancess

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4
Q

Serosa

A

The moist membrane found in closed ventral body cavities

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5
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving, molecules that will dissolve in water

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6
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Water fearing, molecules that will not dissolve in water

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7
Q

Cilia

A

Tiny, hairlike projections of a cell, may move in a wavelike manner to propel substances across the exposed cell surface

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8
Q

Flagella

A

Long, whiplike cellular extensions containing microtubules, propels sperm and some single celled eukaryotes

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9
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Divides body into front and back

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10
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides body into right and left sides

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11
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides body into top and bottom

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12
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up reactions

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13
Q

Diffusion

A

The spreading of particles in a gas or solution with a movement toward uniform distribution of particles, driven by kinetic energy

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14
Q

Integumentary System

A

F: protection, converts vitamin D, regulate body temperature

C: Mostly made of skin

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15
Q

Skeletal System

A

F: supports and holds up body, protects (brain & organs), storage of calcium

C: made of bones

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16
Q

Muscular System

A

F: movement, posture, produce body heat

C: made of muscles

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17
Q

Nervous system

A

F: monitors and makes changes using hormones, lets cells make stuff or break it down

C: made of brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

Endocrine System

A

F: monitors and makes changes using hormones, regulates how hormones are released

C: made of glands and ovaries

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19
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

F: move blood throughout the body

C: made of heart and blood vessels

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20
Q

Lymphatic System

A

F: transports extra fluid, removes extra fluid

C: made of lymph nodes

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21
Q

Digestive system

A

F: break down food so it can be used or disregarded

C: made of stomach, intestines, mouth, etc

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22
Q

Respiratory System

A

F: takes in oxygen and releases co2

C: made of lungs

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23
Q

Urinary System

A

F: filters blood and eliminates through urine

C: made up of bladder and kidneys

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24
Q

Reproductive System

A

F: Reproduce

C: made of ovaries and testicles

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25
Q

Ionic bond

A

Electrons are transferred from one to another

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26
Q

Polar covalent bond

A

Electrons are shared unequally

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27
Q

Nonpolar covalent bonds

A

Electrons are shared equally

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28
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Weakest bond, hydrogen is attached to an electronegative atom

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29
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Strongest bond, electrons are shared

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30
Q

Chemical bonds

A

When 2 atoms are sharing or stealing electrons to become stable

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31
Q

Acidic pH

A

0-6

More hydroganium

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32
Q

Basic pH

A

8-14

More hydroxide

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33
Q

Neutral pH

A

7

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34
Q

Superior

A

Towards top of body

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35
Q

Inferior

A

Towards bottom of body

36
Q

Anterior/ ventral

A

Front of body

37
Q

Posterior/ dorsal

A

Back of body

38
Q

Medial

A

Closer to the midline of the body

39
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from midline of body

40
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to point of attachment

41
Q

Distal

A

Farther from point of attachment

42
Q

Superficial

A

Outermost layer of body

43
Q

Deep

A

Inner part of body

44
Q

Positive feedback

A

Takes original change and makes it bigger

Ex. Blood clotting, start with one platelet in cut, more come to heal cut

45
Q

Negative feedback

A

More common, take original change and fixes where needs fixed

Ex. Body temp

46
Q

Variable in homeostasis

A

Things that change

47
Q

Receptor in homeostasis

A

Recognizes the change

48
Q

Control center in homeostasis

A

Tells when to do action

49
Q

Effector in homeostasis

A

Changes the variable

50
Q

Homeostasis

A

Dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment

Maintaining balance while constantly changing

51
Q

Atomic #

A

of protons and electrons

52
Q

Mass #

A

(# of protons) + (# of neutrons)= electrons

Bottom number

53
Q

Protons

A

Positive charge

54
Q

Neutrons

A

No charge

55
Q

Electrons

A

Negative charge

56
Q

Carbohydrates

A

F: energy storage, build structures

C: end in -ose, 1C : 2H : 1O, polar and hydrophilic

57
Q

Lipids

A

F: energy storage, structures in cell, hormones

C: nonpolar, hydrophobic, monomer=fatty acids

58
Q

Nucleic acids

A

F: information storage, spends energy

C: large complex molecules, monomer= nucleotides

59
Q

Proteins

A

F: shape determines function, if shape is lost it cant do its job

C: monomer= amino acids, denaturalization

60
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

Protects the fragile nervous system organs in back of body

Subdivided into cranial and vertebral

61
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Skull, encases the brain

62
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

Encloses the spinal cord

63
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

Front body cavities

Subdivided into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

64
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Contains heart and lungs

65
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Contains digestive viscera

66
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

67
Q

Prokaryote

A

Lack a nucleus and bound organelles, undergo changes easily

68
Q

Eukaryote

A

Have a nucleus and bound organelles

69
Q

Nucleus

A

Stores DNA and has membrane

70
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

The room or area where cells build things

71
Q

Rough ER

A

Designated place where proteins are built

72
Q

Smooth ER

A

Designated place where lipids are built

73
Q

Ribosomes

A

Workers/ build the proteins

74
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Sorts through the molecules (products), packages them up (chemical tags), and ships them out in bubbles

75
Q

Vesicle

A

Delivery truck, broken off bubble of information from Golgi

76
Q

lysosomes

A

garbage disposal of cell, break stuff down with chemicals and can self destruct

77
Q

peroxisomes

A

breaks down toxins and alcohol

78
Q

Mitochondria

A

Creates usable energy within the cell, takes in nutrients and puts it into ATP

79
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

framework of cell, helps maintain cell shape, helps division and movement

80
Q

Membranes

A

monitors what goes in and out of the cell

81
Q

Selectively permeable

A

doesn’t allow large or polar molecules into cell but lets non polar and small molecules through

82
Q

Passive Transport

A

Molecules go from a higher concentration to a lower concentration not requiring energy

83
Q

facilitated diffusion in passive transport

A

movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low with the help of a protein

84
Q

Active transport

A

movement of molecules from a lower concentration to a higher concentration against the gradient, requiring energy

85
Q

membrane pumps in active transport

A

proteins that change shape to move molecules across a membrane

86
Q

membrane assisted transport in active transport

A

large molecules, membrane changes shape to move molecules

Psysiology & Anatomy (1 decks)

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