Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the purpose of ISTAR?
To provide Accurate, Relevant and Timely information
Name the 5 infrastructure nodes for Reaper
Ground Control Station (GCS) Fibre Optic Fixed Site Satelitte Terminal (FSST) Ku Satelitte Reaper Ground Data Terminal (GDT)
Name the crew nodes for Reaper
Mission Control Element (MCE)
Launch & Recovery Team (LRT)
What does LTM stand for (and usage)
Laser Target Marker
Allows platform to provide a laser mark (sparkle) for SA on enemy positions / HLS sites
What does LRD stand for and what is it’s purpose?
Laser Range Designator
Munition release (weapon drop). Uses PRF to designate target position and info for weapons
Name one disadvantage of Reaper
Only one data link. If you lose this then you will lose comms and control over the aircraft
NDIR meaning and platforms
Non Dedicated ISR
Typhoon and F-35
Which waves does land focus on?
Infra red (medium wave) and visible light (EO/IR)
Name 5 factors that affect EO/IR cameras
Precipitation Sun Clouds Visibility Fog
What is the IR phenomena and when does it occur?
It is the thermal crossover (emissivity blends so objects no longer stand out)
Occurs + - 1 hour after sunrise and sunset
How do we mitigate thermal crossover?
Changing the polarity of the camera (black hot and white hot)
What is the difference between ISR and ISTAR?
ISR- Strategic and Operational level (C2)
ISTAR- Tactical level
What are the 7 elements to the EO/IR turret?
Gimbal Turret Master Control Unit (MCU) Controls Displays Recorders Downlink
One line describing the turret
Contains the EOW (left hand side), EON (right hand side), LTM and LTR, IR camera
One line describing the Gimbal
Performs stabilisation, steering and pointing
Two types of ‘thermal scarring’
Hot and Cold
One line describing the MCU
Controls, manipulates and processes the data from the payload (brains of the system)
What do joystick controls operate?
Steering function of the turret
What do operator controls operate?
All other controls aside from the steering function
Two types of displays
Master monitor (shows video in command)
Repeater screens (repeat of master monitor)
One line describing the Recorder
Either built into the MCU (auto controlled) or as a separate recorder (operator controlled)
One line describing the downlink
Can be encrypted and sent to ground stations to provide better SA
What are the azimuth and elevation limitations of the turret?
Azimuth is 360°, elevation limit is dependant on platform
What is the phenomenon called when the turret spins after going over a target directly?
Nadir effect
Intelligence cycle
Intel customers
Intel requirements manager
Direction
Collection (through collection manager)
Process
Disseminate
Review (in centre)
ISR Process
Task Collect Process Exploit Disseminate Feedback
What is a true black body?
An object with a emissivity value of one.
What is IRCAGE?
Infra Red Choke points Aiming markers Ground disturbance Environment
What is CLEWS?
Cover LOS Escape routes Weapons Spotters
What technique do we use to find a location?
Funnel search
2 types of scan?
Rolling box (keeps target on screen)
RASTER scan (used for scan of large area)
What is GODBEE?
Get information Orientate Discuss Brief Execute Evaluate
Re start cycle!
What is a squirter?
An enemy fleeing the battle scene
What is PID?
Positive Identification.
When a trained individual positively identifies an individual or weapon system.
What is CDE?
Collateral Damage Estimate.
Calculated by the CAOC.
What is BDA?
Battle Damage Assessment.
Does it meet military objectives?
Estimation of damage through lethal / non-lethal action
Physical and functional damage
Name 3/4 ‘key’ EO/IR roles
Target Development Pattern of Life Convoy Support /Route recce Counter IED (CIED) HLS recce Raid Support Joint Personnel Recovery Target Illumination / CAS Battle Damage Assessment
What are the main similarities and differences between PAS and RPAS?
SIMILARITIES:
All operators are to abide by LOAC
Both types of platform operate with SOP’s
DIFFERENCES:
Crewed and Uncrewed aircraft
RPAS has weapons deployment functionality
What is meant by the term ‘slant’?
Report containing number of male/female/children in the order of ‘Bravo/Echo/Kilo’.
“Slant 5/5/2”
Where can you ‘Get Information’ from?
JTAC (8 line)/ ATO/ RSTA/ J2/ Aircraft Handover
What is meant by the term ‘handshake’?
Video link received and link confirmed by JTAC
What is meant by the term ‘Hollow’?
Video link not received by JTAC
Three levels of the intelligence cycle
Strategic
Operational
Tactical
What does MCE stand for when describing the operators for reaper?
Mission
Control
Element
What ISR capability does the typhoon have?
NDISR (Litening III Pod)
What ISR capability does the F35 have?
NDISR (Electro-Optical Targeting System and Synthetic Appature Radar)
What phases of Process, Exploitation, Dissemination are there?
Phase 0/1- carried on board by sensor op, real time inputs from Downlink to SU
Phase 2/3- Carried out off board by an agency (then fed back into the iny cycle)
What happens if we lose PID on a target?
PID needs to be regained by a trained individual
Describe Pattern Of Life
Building a picture of the ‘normal’ so the ‘abnormal’ stands out. (Routes, Routines, Bed times, Cooking times)
Describe convoy support/route recce
Pre, during and post.
Remain ahead of convoy, point out possible hazards, ensure ‘no comms’ procedure
Describe CIED ops
Counter IED
Operate in ‘peak activity’ times
Use ‘IRCAGE’ pneumonic
Describe HLS recce
Scan for suitable area (flat, suitable location, no obstructions)
Use ‘sparkle’ to illuminate
Describe raid support
Scan area for spotters/snipers
Look out for squirters
Report through pre determined channels
Describe JPR
Joint Personnel Recovery
Co ordinated by CAOC
Looking for friendly forces and keeping an eye out for enemy forces
Clearing HLS spot
Describe Target Illumination/CAS
Using sparkle to give SU’s Sit Awareness of enemy position
Using CAS to destroy / delay enemy in close proximity to friendly troops
How do we ‘orientate’?
Identify key features (roads, rivers, tree lines, buildings)
Relate to map
Use funnel technique
A-H’S to describe individual
Age Build Clothing Distinguishing features Elevation (height) Face Gait Hair Sex
Similarities and differences with manned and unmanned platforms
Crewed and Uncrewed
Weapons capabilities
SA
Emergency drills
