Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the goal of primary hemostasis?
Formation of a platelet plug
How is primary hemostasis accomplished?
vasoconstriction of blood vessels -> platelet adhesion -> platelet secretion of granular content -> platelet aggregation -> formation of platelet plug
What is the goal of secondary hemostasis?
Fibrin clot formation
How is secondary hemostasis accomplished?
activation of coagulation cascade
What is the goal of fibrinolysis?
removal of fibrin clot
How is fibrinolysis accomplished?
Production of plasmin to degrade fibrin
What do endothelial cells in the vascular intima produce that maintain normal blood flor?
prostacyclin - PLT inhibitor and vasodilator
Nitric oxide - induces vasodilation and inhibits PLTs
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) - controls activation of extrinsic pathway
What do endothelial cells produce that inhibit thrombin? (anticoagulants)
Thrombomodulin and Heparan Sulfate
Procoagulant properties of the vascular intima
- can promote vasoconstriction during injury to vessels and expose collagen which activates PLTs
- endothelial cells secrete VWF when activated by thrombin
- secrete P-selectin (promotes PLT and LK binding)
- supports tissue factor
Adhesion of platelets
platelets stick to non-platelet surfaces
Aggregation of platelets
Platelets adhere to eachother
Secretion of platelets
platelets discharge the contents of their granules
Procoagulant: Factor I (nickname and function)
Factor I AKA Fibrinogen
Thrombin substrate, polymerizes to form fibrin
Procoagulant: Factor II (nickname and function)
Factor II AKA Prothrombin
Serine Protease
Procoagulant: Factor III (nickname and function)
Factor III AKA Tissue Factor
Cofactor
Procoagulant: Factor IV (nickname and function)
Factor IV AKA Ionic Calcium
Mineral
Procoagulant: Factor V (nickname and function)
Does not have a nickname
Cofactor
Procoagulant: Factor VII (nickname and function)
Does not have a nickname
Serine Protease
Procoagulant: Factor VIII (nickname and function)
Factor VIII AKA Antihemophilic factor
Cofactor
Procoagulant: VWF (nickname and function)
von Willebrand Factor
Factor VIII carrier and platelet adhesion
Procoagulant: Factor IX (nickname and function)
Factor IX AKA Christmas Factor
Serine protease
Procoagulant: Factor X (nickname and function)
Factor X AKA Stuart-Prower factor
Serine Protease
Procoagulant: Factor XI (nickname and function)
Does not have a nickname
Serine protease
Procoagulant: Factor XII (nickname and function)
Factor XII AKA Hageman factor
Serine protease
Procoagulant: Prekalikrein (nickname and function)
Fletcher Factor, pre-K
Serine protease
Procoagulant: High Molecular Weight Kininogen (nickname and function)
Fitzgerald factor, HMWK
Cofactor
Procoagulant: Factor XIII (nickname and function)
Factor XIII AKA Fibrin-stabilizing factor (FSF)
Transglutaminase
Procoagulant: Platelet Factor 3 (nickname and function)
Phospholipids, phosphatidylserine, PF3
Assembly molecule
What procoagulants are serine proteases?
II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII, Prekallikrein
Which procoagulant has the shortest half-life? What is the half-life?
Factor VII, half-life of 6 hours
Which procoagulant has the highest molecular weight?
VWF
Which procoagulant is found in the highest concentration in the blood?
Factor I (Fibrinogen)
Vitamin-K dependent coagulation factors
Factor II (prothrombin) Factor VII Factor IX (christmas factor) Factor X (stuart-prower factor) Protein C Protein S Protein Z
How does does vitamin K work to activate vitamin-k dependent coagulation factors?
Vitamin K adds a carboxyl group which allows them to bind to calcium. Bound calcium enables vitamin k dependent factors to bind to phospholipids to form complexes with other factors
List the components of the extrinsic tenase complex.
What do these factors activate? (I.e. what is their substrate)
Factor VIIa, Factor III (tissue factor), phospholipid, and calcium
- Activates Factor X (stuart-prower) and factor IX (christmas factor)