Exam 1 Flashcards
Range = ?
Range = Maximum - Minimum
Define Sample
A sample is a set of data drawn from the population.
Define Population
— a population is the group of all items of interest to a statistics practitioner.
define parameter
A descriptive measure of a population
Define Statistic
A descriptive measure of a sample.
define descriptive statistics
Descriptive statistics deals with methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in a convenient and informative way.
Define inferential statistics
Inferential statistics is a body of methods used to draw conclusions or inferences about characteristics of populations based on sample data.
We use __________ to make inferences about _____________.
We use statistics to make inferences about parameters.
Define confidence level
The confidence level is the proportion of times that an estimating procedure will be correct.
define significance level
the significance level measures how frequently the conclusion will be wrong in the long run.
_______ and _________ are popular numerical techniques to describe the location of the data.
The mean and median are popular numerical techniques to describe the location of the data.
The _______, ________, and ______ _______ measure the variability of the data
The range, variance, and standard deviation measure the variability of the data
Define Variable
A variable is some characteristic of a population or sample. Usually represented by an uppercase letter like X, Y, Z, etc
define values of variable
The values of the variable are the range of possible values for a variable.
Three types of data and information
Interval Data, Nominal Data, Ordinal Data
Define Interval Data
Real numbers, i.e. heights, weights, prices, etc. Intervals between each value are equally split. Arithmetic operations can be performed on Interval Data
Define Nominal Data
The values of nominal data are categories EX: marital status: Single = 1, Married = 2, Divorced = 3, Widowed = 4 Usually data fits into classification category
Nominal data are also called _________ or _________.
Nominal data are also called qualitative or categorical.
Interval data are also called _________ or ____________.
Interval data are also called quantitative or numeral
Define Ordinal Data
Ordinal Data appear to be categorical in nature, but their values have an order; a ranking to them: College course rating system: poor = 1, fair = 2, good = 3, very good = 4, excellent = 5
______ _____ refers to quantities that have a natural ordering.
Ordinal Data refers to quantities that have a natural ordering. With ordinal data you cannot state with certainty whether the intervals between each value are equal. Small, Medium, Large (small may not be the same distance from medium as medium is from large)
Interval Data Summary
Interval Values are real numbers. All calculations are valid. Data may be treated as ordinal or nominal.
Ordinal Data Summary
Ordinal Values must represent the ranked order of the data. Calculations based on an ordering process are valid. Data may be treated as nominal but not as interval.
Nominal Data Summary
Nominal Values are the arbitrary numbers that represent categories. Only calculations based on the frequencies of occurrence are valid. Data may not be treated as ordinal or interval.












