Exam 1 Flashcards
Infant Erikson Stage
Trust v. Mistrust
Infant Ages
Birth - 1yr
Toddler Erikson Stage
Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt
Toddler Ages
1-3 yr
Preschool Erikson Stage
Initiative v. Guilt
Preschool Ages
3-6 y
School-age Erikson Stage
Industry v. Inferiority
School-age Ages
6-10 y
Adolescent Erikson Stage
Identity v. Role Confusion
Adolescent Ages
10-18 y
Infant Physical Milestones
Weight Doubles by 4mo, Triples by 1y
Height Increase by 50% in 1y
Gross Motor = Rolling Over
Fine Motor = Pincher Grasp
Infant Play Style
Solitary Play
Bright, Shiny, Colors, Patterns
Toddler Physical Milestones
Walking, Climbing, Running, Tricycle (by 3)
Language starts at 12, can understand most sentence and speech by 3y
Toddler Psychosocial Notes
Temper Tantrums (Treat like seizure = safety!)
Have security item like blankie/stuffy, picky eaters
Provide choices
Potty train when they show interest
Toddler play style
Parallel play - play next to each other but separately
Preschooler Psychosocial Notes
Magical Thinking can be pos or neg Wants to please parents, begins to develop a conscience. Tie shoes around 5YO Establish a routine Might view treatment as punishment
Preschooler play style
Associative play -> play together, domestic mimicry
School Age Psychosocial Notes
All 20 teeth lost, Tanner Stages might begin
Group Play/Team Sports
Scared of kidnapping/surgery
Crave praise and accomplishment -> sticker chart, rewards
Can start teaching self treatments like insulin injections
Rehydration Goal
50-100 mL/kg over 4 hours
Hemoglobin normal lab values in g/dL
Nonpregnant: 12 - 16
Pregnant: 11.5 - 14
Hematocrit Normal Lab Values in PCV, %
Nonpregnant: 37 - 47
Pregnant: 32 - 42
WBC Normal Labs in total per mm^3
Nonpregnant: 4.5k - 10k
Fasting Glucose Normal Lab Value, in mg/dL
Nonpregnant: 70 - 80
Pregnant: 65
2 hour postprandial (post meal) Glucose normal lab values, in mg/dL
Nonpregnant: 60 - 110
Pregnant: <140
What effect does pregnancy have on lab values
All go down except WBC which goes up.
List the 7 Cardinal Movements of Labor
Engagement Descent Flexion Internal rotation Extension External Rotation (Restitution) Expulsion
Acceptable blood loss during delivery
500 mL for vaginal birth, 1L for c-section.
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
Fatigue, Breast Tenderness, Nausea and Vomiting,
Amenorrhea, Polyuria, Hyperpigmentation of Skin,
Fetal Movements (quickening), Uterine Enlargement, Breast Enlargement
Probable Signs of Pregnancy
Braxton Hicks Contractions, Positive Pregnancy Test,
Abdominal Enlargement, Ballottement,
Goodell’s Sign, Chadwick’s Sign, Hegar’s Sign
Positive Signs of Pregnancy
Ultrasound verification of embryo or fetus
Fetal movement felt by experienced clinician
Auscultation of fetal heart tones via doppler
First Trimester Pregnancy Danger Signs
Spotting or bleeding, painful urination,
severe persistent vomiting, fever > 100,
Lower abd. pain with dizziness and shoulder pain
Second Trimester Pregnancy Danger Signs
Regular Contractions, Pain in Calf,
Gush or Leakage of fluid, No fetal movement for >12 hr
Third Trimester Pregnancy Danger Signs
Sudden weight gain, periorbital or facial edema,
severe upper abd. pain, headache with visual changes,
decrease in fetal movement, any and all previous signs
First Trimester Pregnancy Discomforts
Urinary Frequency or incontinence, fatigue, nausea/vomiting,
breast tenderness, constipation, stuffiness, bleeding gums, epistaxis (nosebleed), cravings, leukorrhea
Second Trimester Pregnancy Discomforts
Backache, varicosities of the vulva and legs, hemorrhoids, flatulance and bloating
Third Trimester Pregnancy Discomforts
Return of First Trimester discomforts, SOB & Dyspnea, heartburn and indigestion, dependent edema, braxton hicks contractions
Expected Pregnancy Weight Gain Based on BMI
Healthy BMI = 25-35 lb
Low BMI = 28-40 lb
High BMI = 15-25 lb
Signs of Labor
Cervical Changes (Dilation and Effacement [thinning])
Lightening (fetal part descends into pelvis)
Increased Energy Level
Bloody Show
Contractions Stronger
Rupture of Membranes
Fetal Heart Rate Variability Ranges
No variability -> Absent
<5 bpm = Minimal
5-25 = Moderate
>25 = Marked
