Exam 1 Flashcards by Charles Acevedo

What is the most common characteristic of a nonevidence based practitioner

Arrogance

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What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research

Qual - objective truth can be revealed

Quan - understanding lived experiences

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Describe an experimental design

Randomizable

Experimental and control groups

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Describe a quasi-experimrntal design

Non randomizable

look at two groups with different characteristics and compare

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Describe a case report

report of results from one case

Useful for new treatments

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Describe cross sectional and longitudinal

Cross sectional - moment in time

Longitudinal - change over time

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Describe a case control

Take 2 groups and examine their histories to identify predictive information

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Describe a case series

Fills in the gap with research

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What is the difference between research theory and research evidence

Theory - why something should work

Evidence - why something works

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What are the pillars of EIP

Best research evidence
Clinical expertise
Patient values

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What are the components of APTA 2020 vision statement

Autonomous practice
Direct Access
DPT
EIP
Practitioner of choice
Professionalism

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What is the 5 step process if EIP

Ask 
Acquire
Appraise
Apply
Assess

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Describe PICO

Patient population
Interested Intervention
Comparison intervention
Outcomes

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What is the hierarchy of evidence

N=1 RCT
Systematic reviews of RCT's
Multiple RCT
RCT
Systematic review of studies below
Observational cohort or case control studies, large case series
Case reports, small case series
Expert opinion

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What is a concept

mental image of phenomenon in words

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What is a construct

non observable abstraction, like patient satisfaction

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What is a theory

An organized set of relationships among concepts or constructs that is proposed to describe and explain systematically a phenomenon of interest

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What is a hypothesis and a null hypothesis

Hypothesis - claims of outcome of a study

Null hypothesis - claim of no correlation conclusion

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Define a nominal measure and give some examples

Naming variables with subjective value

Gender
Race
Religious affiliation

Define an ordinal measure and give some examples

Ranked and ordered variables without equal intervals between levels

Weight bearing status
Level of assistance
MMT
Patient satisfaction

Define an Interval measure and give some examples

Ordered intervals with fixed distance between levels but no true zero

Temperature
Calendar year

Define a ratio measure and give some examples

Equal intervals with true zero (most commonly used)

Height
Weight
Circumference
BP
Speed 
Distance

Describe internal consistency

Degree to which subsections measure the same concept

Describe Parallel forms reliability

reliability of a self report instrument when administered in different forms

Describe split half reliability

measure of the internal consistency of test population

Describe content validity

The degree to which items in an instrument represent all of the facets of the variable being measured

Describe construct validity

The degree to which a test measures an intended hypothetical abstract concept

Describe criterion validity

The extent to which one measure is systematically related to other measures or outcomes

Describe floor and ceiling effects

Floor - failure of a measure to detect low scores | Ceiling - failure of a measure to detect high scores

What are some measures of variability

``` Range Percentiles SD Variance coefficient of variation ```

Describe SD

how much, on average scores deviate from the mean of the data set

Describe interquartile ranges

data are divided into equal portions to determine where an individual score lies with respect to other scores

Describe effect size

``` .2 = minimal effect .5 = moderate .8 = large effect ```

Describe confidence intervals

A range of score that contains the true value being tested | Represented usually as 95%

Describe an independent T test

Compare 2 independent groups

Describe paired t test

Compare pre and post of the same group

Describe ANOVA

Compare more than 2 independent groups

Describe factorial ANOVA

Two or more independent variables are tested

Describe ANCOVA

One or more independent | One dependent

Describe MANCOVA

One or more independent variable | More than one dependent variable

Describe chi square tests

Non-parametric test It is the analysis of frequencies Often used in epidemiology studies

Describe a correlation analysis

Determines relationship between two variables | Does not determine cause and effect

What is the difference between p value and alpha

P value - probability that a difference occurred due to chance A level - predetermined threshold to determine if changes are by chance

How do you interpret p and alpha values

If p is less or equal to alpha, accept research, this means a significant difference exists If p is greater than alpha, reject research, no significant difference exists

What values give a study high amounts of power

Large - alpha, effect, sample | Small - variance