Exam 1

Question 1

Refers to the cognitive system involved in storing and retrieving information

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

3 Elements of Memory

Answer 2

Cognitive System
Restoring Information
Retrieving Information

Question 3

Any system related to mental processes or thinking

Answer 3

Cognitive System

Question 4

Refers to the ability to retain information in memory

Answer 4

Restoring Memory

Question 5

Restoring memory typically occurs after…

Answer 5

Rehearsing information: by repeating it or writing it down

Question 6

Refers to the ability to access information in memory

Answer 6

Retrieving Information

Question 7

Retrieving Information typically occurs…

Answer 7

After you have received cues to help you access information

Question 8

Stimuli that helps you remember something

Answer 8

Cues

Question 9

Refers to the inability to retrieve and store information

Answer 9

Forgetting

Question 10

2 types of failure can lead to forgetting

Answer 10

Storage Failures

Retrieval Failures

Question 11

Occur when information and memory is not properly stored, and TF fades and is forgotten

Answer 11

Storage Failures

Question 12

What is a common storage failure that occurs?

Answer 12

Insufficient or rehearsal of the information you are trying to remember

Question 13

Occur when information that is already stored in memory can not be accessed and TF is not remembered

Answer 13

Retrieval Failure

Question 14

What is a common cause of retrieval failure?

Answer 14

Inadequate cues

Question 15

Metaphors

Answer 15

describe an unfamiliar concept using a familiar concept for a story

Question 16

A metaphor proposed by Aristotle

Answer 16

The Wax Tablet

Question 17

The Wax Tablet

Answer 17

Describes how memory writes and leaves impressions

Question 18

Another reason why Aristotle used the Wax Tablet as a metaphor on memory is…

Answer 18

bc wax tablets were used to seal envelopes

Wax over time degrades and impressions can rub off just like impressions in memory can fade

Question 19

Describes memory as a device that stores and retrieves information

Answer 19

Computer metaphor

Question 20

The computer metaphor divides memory into 2 parts:

Answer 20

Hardware

Software

Question 21

Refers to the structures of the brain that are related to remembering and forgetting

Answer 21

Hardware

Question 22

Hardware would include what?

Answer 22

The Hippocampus

Question 23

What is the Hippocampus strongly related to?

Answer 23

It is strongly related to the ability to form new memories

Question 24

What do people have trouble doing when there is damage to the hippocampus?

Answer 24

Learning new things

Question 25

What are examples of some individuals that have damage to their hippocampus?

Answer 25

Altimers and Korsakoffs

Question 26

Software

Answer 26

refers to the strategies used for processing memory

Question 27

There are 3 strategies that are used, They are:

Answer 27

Rehearsal Organization Elaborations

Question 28

Rehearsal

Answer 28

Refers to the repetition of information as you are repeating something

Question 29

Organization

Answer 29

The ability to combine items on a list into meaningful units

Question 30

Elaborations

Answer 30

Refers to the ability to associate to new information with old information

Question 31

Distributive Practice Approach

Answer 31

Occurs when you study information over several short intervals with rest periods between them

Question 32

Mast Approach

Answer 32

Cramming

Question 33

Plato compared memory to a

Answer 33

Aviary

Question 34

Augustine compared memory to

Answer 34

a cave

Question 35

Vives compared memory...by?

Answer 35

to a body | By claiming that both need exercise or they both become lazy, sluggish and inert

Question 36

Francis Bacon compared the recollection of memory to

Answer 36

Hunting deer: | If one cuts down the available space in which the deer roam, the hunting becomes easier

Question 37

Descartes

Answer 37

De Homine Used an analogy in the water-powered automata in the French royal gardens to describe simple reflexes and incorporated them into his conception of how the mind and body interact

Question 38

John Locket thought of memory as an

Answer 38

empty cabinet

Question 39

The digital computer metaphor, with the interaction with hardware and software led to what is directly referred to as the

Answer 39

Dual store or modal model

Question 40

Hintzman

Answer 40

cow's digestive system:

Question 41

Cow's Digestive System (assumption)

Answer 41

Information flows through memory just as food flows through cows digestive system

Question 42

Like a cows digestive system have multi. chambers, as does memory

Answer 42

Modal Model: STM Sensory Memory LTM

Question 43

Is this an important metaphor in terms of research? Why or Why not?

Answer 43

This is the least important according to the lack of research

Question 44

Why will this metaphor be remembered the most?

Answer 44

Regency Effect

Question 45

Regency Effect is

Answer 45

Good recall of items that are positions last on the list

Question 46

Primacy Effect is

Answer 46

Good recall of items that are positions first on the list

Question 47

2 Memory Methods

Answer 47

External Validity and Internal Validity