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Intro to Audiology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 essential for sound to be created and heard

A
  1. There must be a vibrating body or object
  2. There must be a force to set the object into vibration
  3. There must be a medium to transfer the sound
  4. There must be a hearing mechanism that can receive the sound
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2
Q

Compressions

A

That portion of a sound wave where the molecules of the medium are compressed together, also called condensation.
2. A decrease in pressure. In a hearing aid a method of limiting the amplification of louder sounds relative to weaker sounds.

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3
Q

Refractions

A

That portion in sound waves where the molecules become less densely packed per unit space

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4
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of a mass to return to its natural shape
The more elastic (stiff) an object is the higher the frequency.
The less elastic (stiff) and object is the lower the frequency

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5
Q

Sine Waves

A

The waveform of a pure tone showing a simple harmonic motion. The graphic representation of sound waves that include compression and rarefractions.

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6
Q

Amplitude

A

Maximum distance of a vibrating objet from its point of rest.

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7
Q

Frequency

A

is one dimension of sounded (the physical of sound)
The number of complete oscillations of a vibrating body per unit of time. In acoustics the unit of measurement is cycles per second or CPS or HZ

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8
Q

Cycle

A

The complete sequence of events of a single sine wave through 360
CPS aka HZ

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9
Q

Hertz

A

Cycles per second (CPS) Unit of frequency

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10
Q

Pitch

A

The subjective impression of the highness or lowness of a sound; the psychological correlate of frequency

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11
Q

Loudness

A

The subjective impression of power of sound. The unit of measurement is sone (intensity)

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12
Q

Intensity

A

The amount of sound energy per unit (physical experience of loudness)

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13
Q

Extreme threshold of audibility

A

The softest sound audible to the best human has a sound pressure of 0.0002 dynes/cm2 or 20 micropascals. The sound pressure is extreme threshold of audibility or the standard reference level

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14
Q

Audiometer

A

a divice for determining the threshold of hearing. Pure tone at various frequencies are generated and there levels increase and decrease until a threshold is found

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15
Q

Threshold

A

In audiometer, the level at which a stimulus, such as a pure tone is barley perceptible. Where they can hear 50 % of time.

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16
Q

Harmonic

A

any whole-number multiple of the fundamental frequency of a complex wave. The fundamental frequency equals the first harmonic

17
Q

Overtone

A

any whole-number multiple of the fundamental frequency of a complex wave. It differs from harmonic only in the numbering used (e.g.. the first overtone is equal to the second harmonic)
doubling of frequency

18
Q

Fundamental Frequency

A

The lowest frequency of vibration in a complex wave.
Woman: 125-250
Male: 85-150

19
Q

Fourier analysis

A

the mathematical breakdown of any complex wave into it component parts, consisting of simple sinusoids of different frequencies

20
Q

Formant

A

a peak of energy in the spectrum of a vowel sound

21
Q

Frequency used in testing hearing

A

250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000

22
Q

frequency the ear is most sensitive to

A

Subjective depends on where graph is at its lowest point (threshold-50% of time)

23
Q

Octave

A

The difference between two tones separated by a frequency ratio of 2:1

24
Q

Mid-octave

A

start at 750 and double from there

750, 1500, 3000, 6000

25
Q

What is the difference between the physical property and psychological experience for frequency, pitch, loudness, and intensity

A

Physical Property: Psychological Experience:
Frequency Pitch
Intensity Loudness

26
Q

What ranges in the ear cable of hearing

A

20HZ-20,000 Hz

27
Q

5 aspects of the decibel that are important

A
  1. It involves ratio
  2. In involves logarithm
  3. It is therefore non-linear
  4. expressed in terms of certain reference levels which must be specified
  5. It is a relative (or comparative) unit of measurement
28
Q

The standard reference for 0dB on the audiometer dial is?

A

a group of young normal hearing adults

29
Q

What frequency range is important for understanding speech

A

300-3000HZ

30
Q

What is the difference in frequency and intensity characteristics of vowel vs. constants

A

Vowels: in general are lower in frequency than constants and higher in intensity.

Constants: in general are higher in frequency than vowels and lower in intensity

31
Q

What is the difference between pure tones and complex sound?

A

Pure-tones: stimulus which is made up of ONE frequency.

Complex Sound: such as speech is made up of more than one frequency, a mixture of frequencies.

32
Q

What professional organizations/associations can audiologist belong to?

A

ASHA (American Speech, Hearing/Language Assoc. AAA (American Academy of Audiology)

State:
TSHA (Texas speech and hearing Association)
TAA (Texas Academy of Audiology)

33
Q

What are the procedures and academic preparations for licensing and certification of audiologist.

A

Dr of Audiology (Au.D) masters to doctoral level

Licensing and Certification:

  • State License: Minimum educational requirements
  • Certification: Not needed to practice but shows your held at a higher standard. (ASHA/AAA)
  • Continuing Education: 10 hours required by state and ASHA or AAA
34
Q

What is the prevalence of Hearing Loss and impact on children and adults

A

More than 28 million individuals w/HL in USA

Impact on Adults:

  • Psychological dysfunction
  • Limited Physical activity
  • decline of overall health

Impacts on Children:

  • Delayed speech and language development
  • ear infections showing delays in receptive and expressive language skills
  • psychological dysfunction
  • academic performance may suffer

Financial Burden: on individual and society, loss of income, cost of educational services/programs

35
Q

Audiology Specialties

A
  • Medical field: ENT, Offices, hospitals, military
  • Educational: Public Schools
  • Pediatric: w/children at a verity of settings
  • Dispensing/Rehabilitative: in a verity of settings including private
  • Industrial: administer hearing conservation programs in employment settings where employees is exposed to hazardous noise levels
36
Q

How does frequency and vibration influence and object

A
  1. Mass
  2. Length of object
  3. Energy or force applied to object

Intro to Audiology (1 decks)

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