EXAM 1 Flashcards
Definition of chronic illness
Chronic illness is a medical condition/health problem associated with symptoms or disabilities that require long term care greater than 3 months
- REQUIRES LONG TERM CARE GREATER THAN 3 MONTHS
WHAT DOES CHRONIC ILLNESS REQUIRE
REQUIRES THAT
- people learn to live with symptoms and disabilities
- come to terms with identity change
- manage regimens necessary to keep symptoms under control
Factors that influence the development of a chronic illness
- increasing age
- socioeconomic status
- an impaired ability to manage healthcare.
Characteristics of chronic illness that are impacted by culture
○ Western- cure oriented
○ Stoic- illness accepted not treated
○ Punishment for sins- does not seek help, follow advice or learn self care
○ nurse/md as authority- expected to be told what to do
○ society should care for them- doesn’t learn self care, family refuses active role
Common issues for a patient with chronic illness
- DECREASED MOBILITY.
PERSON = Protect, Elimination, Rest/sleep/activity, Self concept, Oxygenation
Nutrition
= Nurses fix by getting pt to walk, turn of bed bound and use special rehab strategies when appropriate
Chronic Pain
- can be musculoskeletal, neuropathic or disease process related
- Nurses follow WHO standards for pain management, relieve management issues like fear of addiction, tolerance and abuse
how do nurses deal with people with chronic pain
- Nurses follow WHO standards for pain management, relieve management issues like fear of addiction, tolerance and abuse,
what do nurses use to deal with people with decreased mobility due to chronic illness
Nurses fix by getting pt to walk, turn if bed bound and use special rehab strategies when appropriate
how do nurses help with fatigue due to chronic illness
Nurses help by spacing activities apart to provide ample time w/rest, and assist with exercise
how is depression different from fatigue
- is different from fatigue in that it is a state of feeling sad, distressed and hopeless, having a loss of interest in things that have been enjoyable, a lack of energy for normal activities
- Family and social issues can cause depression as well as their lives changed due to chronic illness, impairing the normal family/work balance, causing social isolation, and caregiver role strain
how can nurses help with physiological adaptations
- by identifying the source, provide coping mechanisms, alter perceptions and listen without fixing in an effort to support the patient has the self-fix
what COGNITIVE declines during old age in Chronically ill/impaired older adult as
declines during old age- short term memory recall
what COGNITIVE declines during middle adulthood in Chronically ill/impaired older adult as
- mental performance speed
- synthesis of new info
- fluid intelligence
what COGNITIVE improves with aging
- vocabulary
- verbal reasoning
- intelligence
long term memory and aging
■ Long term memory doesn’t change with aging)
nutrition in Chronically ill/impaired older adults
SCALES Assessment
- Sadness/mood change
- Cholesterol (HIGH)
- Albumin (LOW)
- Loss/gain of weight
- Eating problems and Shopping and food preparation problems
SPICES tool in older adults
- Sleep disorders - Problems with eating/feeding
- Incontinence
- Confusion
- Evidence of falls
- Skin breakdown
drug receptor interactions in Chronically ill/impaired older adults
- more sensitive in brain
- making psychoactive drugs more POTENT
metabolism in Chronically ill/impaired older adults
- liver mass shrinks over time
- decreasing blood flow and enzyme activity
- decreasing metabolism to ½-⅔ the rate of young adults, PROLONGING
absorption in Chronically ill/impaired older adults
- gastric emptying slows with motility
- decreasing capacity of cells to absorb and use active transport
CIRCULATION in Chronically ill/impaired older adults
- medications may have overdose effects (ANTIHYPERTENSIVES MAY OVERSHOOT EVEN IF ITS THE CORRECT THERAPEUTIC DOSE= DUE TO LESS VASCULAR NEURO CONTROL)
excretion in Chronically ill/impaired older adults
- renal blood flow, GFR, renal tubular secretion/reabsorption
- number of nephrons decline, extending half life of renal excreted drugs, remaining in the body longer
distribution in Chronically ill/impaired older adults
- lean body mass falls
- ADIPOSE TISSUE INCREASES
- total water declines, increasing concentration of water soluble drugs (causing the overshoot)
- plasma protein levels decrease = reducing sites for protein bound drugs
- increased levels of drug in blood dDUE TO PROLONGED HALF LIVES
ERRORS caused by older adults:
- decreased vision
- forgetfulness
- use of OTC drugs or prescription for someone else
- lack of financial resources
- failure to understand instructions/importance of treatment
- refusal to take meds due to undesired side effect
- polypharmacy