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Industrial Psychology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The professional organization that represents I/O psychologists in the United States

A

Society for Industrial and Organizational Society (SIOP)

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2
Q

An area of scientific study and professional practice that addresses psychological concepts and principles in the work world

A

I/O psychology

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3
Q

A model or framework for education in an academic discipline based on understanding the scientific principles and findings evidenced in the discipline and how they provide the basis for the professional practice

A

scientist-practicioner model

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4
Q

The process by which a professional practice is regulated by law to ensure quality standards are met to protect the public

A

licensure

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5
Q

an intelligence test developed during World War I by I/O psychologists for the selection and placement of military personnel

A

Army Alpha Test

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6
Q

a nonverbal intelligence test developed during World War I by I/O psychologists to assess illiterate recruits

A

Army Beta Test

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7
Q

a series of research studies that began in the late 1920s at the Western Electric Company and ultimately refocused the interests of I/O psychologists on how work behavior manifests itself in an organizational context

A

Hawthorne studies

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8
Q

a positive change in behavior that occurs at the onset of an intervention followed by a gradual decline, often to the original level of the behavior prior to the intervention (first identified in the Hawthorne studies)

A

Hawthorne effect

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9
Q

a test developed during World War II by I/O psychologists for the selection and placement of military personnel

A

Army General Classification Test (AGCT)

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10
Q

a test developed in the 1980s by I/O psychologists for the selection and placement of military personnel

A

Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB)

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11
Q

a sustained period (usually several consecutive months) of lowered productivity, increased unemployment, and reduced spending

A

economic recession

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12
Q

an area of research that examines the degree to which psychological concepts and findings generalize to people in other cultures and societies

A

cross-cultural psychology

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13
Q

I/O psychologists generally function in one of two roles: _________ or ____________.

A

scientists or practitioners

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14
Q

a formal process by which knowledge is produced and understood

A

research

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15
Q

the extent to which conclusions drawn from one research study spread or apply to a larger population

A

generalizability

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16
Q

a statement that proposes to explain relationships among phenomena of interest

A

theory

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17
Q

a research process in which conclusions are drawn about a general class of objects or people based on knowledge of a specific member of the class under investigation

A

inductive method

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18
Q

a research process in which conclusions are drawn about a specific member of a lass of objects or people based on knowledge of the general class under investigation

A

deductive method

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19
Q

a plan for conducting scientific research for the purpose of learning about a phenomenon of interest

A

research design

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20
Q

What founding father of I/O psychology is the movie Cheaper By the Dozen based off of?

A

Lillian Gilbreth

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21
Q

After 9/11, what branch of govt. was I/O psychologists assigned to design?

A

Transportation and Safety Administration

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22
Q

What test was developed in WWII to measure intelligence of illiterate recruits?

A

Army Beta

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23
Q

Licensing of I/O psychologists is controversial because:

A

they aren’t health care providers

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24
Q

I/O psychologists belong to what division of the APA?

A

SIOP

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25
Q

Warnings found on cigarettes that say they could cause cancer implies what which method was used in conducting research?

A

laboratory experiment

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26
Q

A correlation can be used to infer causality when:

A

it can’t be (correlation can’t be inferred from a correlation)

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27
Q

The Hawthorne studies were an example of what research strategy?

A

quasi-experiment

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28
Q

Research started with data and culminated in theory is which method of science?

A

inductive

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29
Q

Criterion deficiency refers:

A

the extent to which the actual criterion fails to overlap the conceptual criterion

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30
Q

“Service with a smile” is associated with:

A

emotional labor

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31
Q

Work analysis includes collecting data on each employee’s level of job performance (T/F)

A

false

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32
Q

Relationships between tasks performed on job and the human attributes needed to perform job is established by what type of analysis?

A

linkage analysis

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33
Q

the degree to which the relationships evidenced among variables in a particular research study are accurate or true

A

internal validity

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34
Q

the degree to which the relationships evidenced among variables in a particular research study are generalizable or accurate in other contexts

A

external validity

35
Q

a class of research methods that generates new information on a particular research question

A

primary research methods

36
Q

a type of research method in which the investigator manipulates independent variables and assigns subjects to experimental and control condition

A

laboratory experiment

37
Q

a type of research method for conducting studies in field situations where the researcher may be able to manipulate some independent variables

A

quasi-experiment

38
Q

a type of research method in which subjects respond to written questions posed by the investigator

A

questionnaire

39
Q

a type of research method in which the investigator monitors subjects for the purpose of understanding their behavior and culture

A

observation

40
Q

a class of research methods that examines existing information from research studies that used primary methods

A

secondary research methods

41
Q

a quantitative secondary research method for summarizing and integrating the findings from the original empirical research studies

A

meta-analysis

42
Q

the unit or level (individuals, teams, organizations, nations, etc.) that is the object of the researchers’ interest and about which conclusions are drawn from the research

A

level of analysis

43
Q

a class of research methods in which the investigator takes an active role in interacting with the subjects he or she wishes to study

A

qualitative research

44
Q

a research method that utilizes field observation to study a society’s culture

A

ethnography

45
Q

an approach to researching phenomena that emphasizes knowledge derived from the participants’ awareness and understanding of their own culture

A

emic

46
Q

an approach to researching phenomena that emphasizes knowledge derived from the perspective of a detached objective investigator in understanding a culture

A

etic

47
Q

an object of study whose measurement can take on two or more values

A

variable

48
Q

objects of study that inherently have numerical values associated with them, such as weight

A

quantitative variables

49
Q

objects of study that do not inherently have numerical values associated with them, as gender

A

categorical variables

50
Q

a variable that can be manipulated to influence the values of the dependent variable

A

independent variable

51
Q

a variable where values are influenced by the independent variable

A

dependent variable

52
Q

a variable used to predict or forecast a criterion variable

A

predictor variable

53
Q

a variable that is a primary object of a research study; it is forecasted by a predictor variable

A

criterion variable

54
Q

a class of statistical analyses that describe the variable under investigation

A

descriptive statistics

55
Q

the difference between scientific research findings on organizations and their management versus how organizations are actually managed

A

scientist-practitioner gap

56
Q

standards used to help make evaluative judgements

A

criteria

57
Q

the theoretical standard that researchers seek to understand

A

conceptual criteria

58
Q

the operational or actual standard that researchers measure or asses

A

actual criterion

59
Q

the part of the conceptual criterion that is not measured by the actual criterion

A

criterion deficiency

60
Q

the degree of overlap or similarity between the actual criterion and the conceptual criterion

A

criterion relevance

61
Q

the part of the actual criterion that is unrelated to the conceptual criterion

A

criterion contamination

62
Q

a formal procedure by which the content of work is defined in terms of activities performed and attributes needed to perform the work

A

work analysis

63
Q

a person knowledgeable about a a topic who can serve as a qualified information source

A

subject matter expert (SME)

64
Q

the lowest level of analysis in the study of work; a basic component of work (such as typing for a secretary)

A

task

65
Q

a set of tasks performed by a single employee; for example, the position of a secretary is often represented by the tasks of typing, filing, and scheduling

A

position

66
Q

a set of similar positions in an organization

A

job

67
Q

a grouping of similar jobs in an organization

A

job family

68
Q

a procedure or set of operations in work analysis designed to identify important or frequently performed tasks as a means of understanding the work performed

A

task-oriented procedure

69
Q

a method of work analysis that describes the content of jobs in terms of People, Data, and Things

A

Functional Job Analysis (FJA)

70
Q

A procedure or set of operations in work analysis designed to identify important or frequently utilized human attributes as a means of understanding the work performed

A

worker-oriented procedure

71
Q

an abbreviation for “knowledge, skills, abilities, and other” characteristics (often used in context of work analysis)

A

KSAOs

72
Q

a technique in work analysis that establishes the connection between the tasks performed and the human attributes needed to perform them

A

linkage analysis

73
Q

a classification of objects designed to enhance understanding of the objects being classified

A

taxonomy

74
Q

a method of work analysis that assesses the content of jobs on the basis of approx. 200 items in the questionnaire

A

Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ)

75
Q

an online computer-based source of information about jobs

A

Occupational Information Network (O*NET)

76
Q

a process for determining the human characteristics needed to perform successfully within an organization

A

competency modeling

77
Q

a set of factors used to assess job performance that are (relatively) factual in character

A

objective performance criteria

78
Q

a set of factor used to assess job performance that are the product of someone’s (supervisor, peer, customer) judgements of these factors

A

subjective performance criteria

79
Q

a broad range of employee behaviors that are harmful to other employees or the organization

A

deviant workplace behavior

80
Q

the requirement in some jobs that employees express emotions to customers or clients that are associated with enhanced performance in the job

A

emotional labor

81
Q

a range of employee behaviors that enable them to increase their capacity to cope with organizational change

A

adaptive behavior

82
Q

employee behavior that transcends job performance and is directed to the overall welfare of the organization

A

citizenship behavior

83
Q

aspects of job performance that change (increases or decreases) over time

A

dynamic performance criteria

Industrial Psychology (3 decks)

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