Exam 1 Flashcards
The professional organization that represents I/O psychologists in the United States
Society for Industrial and Organizational Society (SIOP)
An area of scientific study and professional practice that addresses psychological concepts and principles in the work world
I/O psychology
A model or framework for education in an academic discipline based on understanding the scientific principles and findings evidenced in the discipline and how they provide the basis for the professional practice
scientist-practicioner model
The process by which a professional practice is regulated by law to ensure quality standards are met to protect the public
licensure
an intelligence test developed during World War I by I/O psychologists for the selection and placement of military personnel
Army Alpha Test
a nonverbal intelligence test developed during World War I by I/O psychologists to assess illiterate recruits
Army Beta Test
a series of research studies that began in the late 1920s at the Western Electric Company and ultimately refocused the interests of I/O psychologists on how work behavior manifests itself in an organizational context
Hawthorne studies
a positive change in behavior that occurs at the onset of an intervention followed by a gradual decline, often to the original level of the behavior prior to the intervention (first identified in the Hawthorne studies)
Hawthorne effect
a test developed during World War II by I/O psychologists for the selection and placement of military personnel
Army General Classification Test (AGCT)
a test developed in the 1980s by I/O psychologists for the selection and placement of military personnel
Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB)
a sustained period (usually several consecutive months) of lowered productivity, increased unemployment, and reduced spending
economic recession
an area of research that examines the degree to which psychological concepts and findings generalize to people in other cultures and societies
cross-cultural psychology
I/O psychologists generally function in one of two roles: _________ or ____________.
scientists or practitioners
a formal process by which knowledge is produced and understood
research
the extent to which conclusions drawn from one research study spread or apply to a larger population
generalizability
a statement that proposes to explain relationships among phenomena of interest
theory
a research process in which conclusions are drawn about a general class of objects or people based on knowledge of a specific member of the class under investigation
inductive method
a research process in which conclusions are drawn about a specific member of a lass of objects or people based on knowledge of the general class under investigation
deductive method
a plan for conducting scientific research for the purpose of learning about a phenomenon of interest
research design
What founding father of I/O psychology is the movie Cheaper By the Dozen based off of?
Lillian Gilbreth
After 9/11, what branch of govt. was I/O psychologists assigned to design?
Transportation and Safety Administration
What test was developed in WWII to measure intelligence of illiterate recruits?
Army Beta
Licensing of I/O psychologists is controversial because:
they aren’t health care providers
I/O psychologists belong to what division of the APA?
SIOP
Warnings found on cigarettes that say they could cause cancer implies what which method was used in conducting research?
laboratory experiment
A correlation can be used to infer causality when:
it can’t be (correlation can’t be inferred from a correlation)
The Hawthorne studies were an example of what research strategy?
quasi-experiment
Research started with data and culminated in theory is which method of science?
inductive
Criterion deficiency refers:
the extent to which the actual criterion fails to overlap the conceptual criterion
“Service with a smile” is associated with:
emotional labor
Work analysis includes collecting data on each employee’s level of job performance (T/F)
false
Relationships between tasks performed on job and the human attributes needed to perform job is established by what type of analysis?
linkage analysis
the degree to which the relationships evidenced among variables in a particular research study are accurate or true
internal validity
the degree to which the relationships evidenced among variables in a particular research study are generalizable or accurate in other contexts
external validity
a class of research methods that generates new information on a particular research question
primary research methods
a type of research method in which the investigator manipulates independent variables and assigns subjects to experimental and control condition
laboratory experiment
a type of research method for conducting studies in field situations where the researcher may be able to manipulate some independent variables
quasi-experiment
a type of research method in which subjects respond to written questions posed by the investigator
questionnaire
a type of research method in which the investigator monitors subjects for the purpose of understanding their behavior and culture
observation
a class of research methods that examines existing information from research studies that used primary methods
secondary research methods
a quantitative secondary research method for summarizing and integrating the findings from the original empirical research studies
meta-analysis
the unit or level (individuals, teams, organizations, nations, etc.) that is the object of the researchers’ interest and about which conclusions are drawn from the research
level of analysis
a class of research methods in which the investigator takes an active role in interacting with the subjects he or she wishes to study
qualitative research
a research method that utilizes field observation to study a society’s culture
ethnography
an approach to researching phenomena that emphasizes knowledge derived from the participants’ awareness and understanding of their own culture
emic
an approach to researching phenomena that emphasizes knowledge derived from the perspective of a detached objective investigator in understanding a culture
etic
an object of study whose measurement can take on two or more values
variable
objects of study that inherently have numerical values associated with them, such as weight
quantitative variables
objects of study that do not inherently have numerical values associated with them, as gender
categorical variables
a variable that can be manipulated to influence the values of the dependent variable
independent variable
a variable where values are influenced by the independent variable
dependent variable
a variable used to predict or forecast a criterion variable
predictor variable
a variable that is a primary object of a research study; it is forecasted by a predictor variable
criterion variable
a class of statistical analyses that describe the variable under investigation
descriptive statistics
the difference between scientific research findings on organizations and their management versus how organizations are actually managed
scientist-practitioner gap
standards used to help make evaluative judgements
criteria
the theoretical standard that researchers seek to understand
conceptual criteria
the operational or actual standard that researchers measure or asses
actual criterion
the part of the conceptual criterion that is not measured by the actual criterion
criterion deficiency
the degree of overlap or similarity between the actual criterion and the conceptual criterion
criterion relevance
the part of the actual criterion that is unrelated to the conceptual criterion
criterion contamination
a formal procedure by which the content of work is defined in terms of activities performed and attributes needed to perform the work
work analysis
a person knowledgeable about a a topic who can serve as a qualified information source
subject matter expert (SME)
the lowest level of analysis in the study of work; a basic component of work (such as typing for a secretary)
task
a set of tasks performed by a single employee; for example, the position of a secretary is often represented by the tasks of typing, filing, and scheduling
position
a set of similar positions in an organization
job
a grouping of similar jobs in an organization
job family
a procedure or set of operations in work analysis designed to identify important or frequently performed tasks as a means of understanding the work performed
task-oriented procedure
a method of work analysis that describes the content of jobs in terms of People, Data, and Things
Functional Job Analysis (FJA)
A procedure or set of operations in work analysis designed to identify important or frequently utilized human attributes as a means of understanding the work performed
worker-oriented procedure
an abbreviation for “knowledge, skills, abilities, and other” characteristics (often used in context of work analysis)
KSAOs
a technique in work analysis that establishes the connection between the tasks performed and the human attributes needed to perform them
linkage analysis
a classification of objects designed to enhance understanding of the objects being classified
taxonomy
a method of work analysis that assesses the content of jobs on the basis of approx. 200 items in the questionnaire
Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ)
an online computer-based source of information about jobs
Occupational Information Network (O*NET)
a process for determining the human characteristics needed to perform successfully within an organization
competency modeling
a set of factors used to assess job performance that are (relatively) factual in character
objective performance criteria
a set of factor used to assess job performance that are the product of someone’s (supervisor, peer, customer) judgements of these factors
subjective performance criteria
a broad range of employee behaviors that are harmful to other employees or the organization
deviant workplace behavior
the requirement in some jobs that employees express emotions to customers or clients that are associated with enhanced performance in the job
emotional labor
a range of employee behaviors that enable them to increase their capacity to cope with organizational change
adaptive behavior
employee behavior that transcends job performance and is directed to the overall welfare of the organization
citizenship behavior
aspects of job performance that change (increases or decreases) over time
dynamic performance criteria
