Exam 1 Flashcards
What are OSHA’s focus four?
Falls, Struck-By, Caught-Between, Electrocutions
How quickly must fatalities be reported?
8 hours
Are reporting and recording the same thing under OSHA record keeping?
No, the difference between the two is that recording is simply the act of tracking an on-the-job injury or illness while reporting is notifying OSHA of certain outcomes from occupational incidents, such as a death
What is the top OSHA inspection priority?
Imminent Danger
What is a confined space?
1) Large enough for employee to enter 2) Not for continual human occupancy 3) Limited Entry/Exit
Is there a difference between fire protection and fire prevention?
Yes, Fire protection uses tools and processes to maintain safety and reduce hazards associated with fires. Fire prevention involves the steps that can prevent a fire from occurring
What president signed the OSH Act and when?
President Nixon on December 29th, 1970 (Went into effect on April 28th, 1971)
What are at least 5 things that need to be considered before entering a permit required space?
Egress, Entrant/Attendant/Supervising Employee, necessary tools, what job is needing to be done, what hazards are present in the space specifically within the atmosphere
What is section 11 (c) commonly called?
Whistleblower Act
What must be reported to OSHA within 24 hours?
loss of an eye, amputation, and an inpatient hospitalization
If you have ____ employees during a calendar year, you are exempt from OSHA record keeping
10 or less
What is the purpose of the Whistleblower Act?
protect workers for discrimination
What is the purpose of the General Duty Clause?
Protect employees from hazardous conditions without regulations (5a)
According to OSHA’s scope, workers have a right to?
workplace free from recognized hazards
Who pays for most PPE?
the employer
How should you use a fire extinguisher?
PASS (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep)
What does PRIDE stand for when it comes to flaggers?
P: Professional - neat, clean appearance
R: Responsive - able to adjust
I: Informed - briefed by supervisor, know limits of work area
D: Decisive - give clear signals
E: Effective - efficiently control flow of traffic
Exit signs must be ____ inches high
6
Exit signs must be ____ inches wide
3/4
What are the fire classifications?
Class A = Combustibles - wood, paper, trash
Class B = Flammable Liquids - gas, oil, paints
Class C = Electrical
Class D = Metals
Class K = Commercial Kitchens
What are the types of employer in multi-employer sites?
exposing, creating, controlling, correcting
When must an OSHA Annual Summary be posted?
Feb. 1st - Apr. 30th
What factors might be considered for violation negotiations?
Size of Company, Good Faith, History
What are the types of OSHA violations?
De Minimus, Other-than-Serious, Serious, Willful Violations, Repeated Violations, Failure to Abate
How many years must OSHA Record- keeping documents be kept?
5 years
What is the maximum travel distance to fire extinguisher?
100 feet
Flammable and combustible liquids no more than _____ G outside approved storage cabinet
25 gallons
What is the name of the temperature at which liquid gives off vapor sufficient to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface
Flash Point
Is construction a unique industry?
Yes
What are the elements of a traffic control plan?
Advanced Warning Area Transition Area Buffer Space Work Space Termination Area
List and describe the steps of an OSHA inspection
- Credit - show their credentials/ID
- Opening Conference - sit down and discuss why they are there and the scope of the inspection
- Walk/Inspection - conducting the inspection of the job site, interviewing employees, and check paperwork
- Closing Conference - discuss what was seen, potential violations, etc.
- <= 6 months later - receive official report of the inspection from the area director
Why is construction unique?
- Worksite is always changing
- Weather is a large factor (heat stress)
- Heavy equipment noise is common
What is the purpose of section 2?
to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the Nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources
What is reporting?
notifying OSHA
What is recording?
documenting on a log within the company; OSHA could ask for it
In what time frame do most employees want workers back to work?
3 days; after this compensation must be paid, premiums go up, and the employee gets used to not working
What is Title 29 in relation to?
Department of Labor
There can be no more than _____ of flammable liquid in 1 cabinet.
60 gallons
What is the CSB?
Chemical Safety Board: federal investigators of explosions/chemical incidents (only investigators, not neighbors)
When does a confined space become a permit required space?
A permit required confined space exists when the three confined space qualifications are met along with an additional hazard present (i.e. hazardous atmosphere)
Who is the entrant?
the one who actually enters the PRCS
Who is the attendant?
the one who observes and monitors the environment and entrant
What is an entrant supervisor?
can be a third person, the entrant, or the attendant who signs off on the permit and has ultimate control over the space
What is the minimum number of employees that can enter a PRCS?
2
What is the minimum number if employees that can enter a CS?
1
What is Subpart G?
Signs, Signals, and Barricades
What does a gas meter check in a confined space?
1) Oxygen levels
2) Combustible Gases
3) Carbon Monoxide
4) Hydrogen Sulfide
What is a competent person according to OSHA?
a person that has the ability to identify hazards and also have the authority to take complete action
Who appoints a the competent person?
the employer
What is the OSH Act also known as?
the Williams-Steiger Act
Why was OSHA created?
because of public outcry against rising injury and death rates on the job
How many sections are in the OSH Act?
34
What is the FRA?
Federal Railroad Administration
What is the FAA?
Federal Aviation Administration
What does section 5 state?
Each employer …
(1) Shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees
(2) Shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act
How many times was the OSH Act amended?
3
What does OSHA stand for?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, an agency of the U.S. Department of Labor
OSHA standards are:
Rules that describe the methods employers must use to protect employees from hazards
What are the Four Groups of
OSHA Standards?
General Industry*
Construction
Maritime
Agriculture
1910 is assigned to _________
1926 is assigned to ________
1915 is assigned to ________
General Industry
Construction
Maritime
Employers must have a written, complete hazard communication program that includes information on:
Container labeling,
Safety Data Sheets (SDSs), and
Worker training
OSHA’s Recordkeeping rule requires most employers with
more than 10 workers to keep a log of injuries and illnesses
What are different types of OSHA inspections?
- Imminent danger
- Fatality or hospitalizations
- Worker complaints/referrals
- Targeted inspections—Local Emphasis Program (LEP), National Emphasis Program (NEP), particular hazards or industries
- Follow-up Inspections
What is a willful violation?
A violation that the employer intentionally and knowingly commits or a violation that the employer commits with plain indifference to the law
What is a serious violation?
A violation where there is substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result and that the employer knew, or should have known, of the hazard
What is a other-than-serious violation?
A violation that has a direct relationship to safety and health, but probably would not cause death or serious physical harm
What is a repeated violation?
A violation that is the same or similar to a previous violation
What are ways to report workplace hazards?
Contact Team Leader
Supervisor
Safety Manager
the last option is to File a Complaint with OSHA
What are OSHA inspection priorities?
- Imminent danger situations
- Fatalities and catastrophes
- Complaints
- Referrals
- Follow-ups
- Planned or programmed investigations
What is an imminent danger situations?
hazards that could cause death or serious physical harm
What is a fatalities and catastrophes?
incidents that involve a death or the hospitalization of three or more employees
What is a complaint?
allegations of hazards or violations also receive a high priority
What is a referral?
hazard information from other federal, state or local agencies, individuals, organizations or the media receive consideration for inspection
What is follow-ups?
checks for abatement of violations cited during previous inspections
What is planned or programmed investigations?
inspections aimed at specific high-hazard industries or individual workplaces that have experienced high rates of injuries and illnesses
What is an exposing employer?
An employer whose own employees are exposed to the hazard; see Chapter III, Section (C)(1)(b) for a discussion of what constitutes exposure
What is a creating employer?
The employer that caused a hazardous condition that violates an OSHA standard
What is a correcting employer?
An employer who is engaged in a common undertaking, on the same worksite, as the exposing employer and is responsible for correcting a hazard
-This usually occurs where an employer is given the responsibility of installing and/or maintaining particular safety and health equipment or devices
What is a controlling employer?
An employer who has general supervisory authority over the worksite, including the power to correct safety and health violations itself or require other to correct them
What factors do a controlling employer control?
- The scale of the project
- The nature and pace of the work
- More frequent inspections are normally needed if the controlling employer know that the other employer has a history of non- compliance
- Less frequent inspections may be appropriate where the controlling employer sees strong indications that the other employer has implemented effective safety and health efforts
When is an employer off the hook?
-Didn’t create the hazard • Didn’t have responsibility to correct • Didn’t have ability to correct • Can demonstrate that other employer was notified of hazard • Instructed employees • Taken alternative measures • Removed employee from hazard
Covered employers must record each fatality, injury, or illness that:
- Is work-related,
- Is a new case, and
- Meets one or more of the criteria contained in Sections 1904.7-12
An injury or illness is recordable if it results in one
or more of the following:
- Death
- Days away from work
- Restricted work activity
- Transfer to another job
- Medical treatment beyond first aid
- Loss of consciousness
- Significant injury or illness diagnosed by a PLHCP
Every work-related injury or illness case involving ________ must be recorded
loss of consciousness
You can report to OSHA by:
- Calling OSHA’s free and confidential number at 1-800-321-OSHA (6742)
- Visiting your closest OSHA Area Office or calling during normal business hours
- Electronic submission at osha.gov
Only fatalities occurring within _____ of the work-related incident must be reported to OSHA
30 days
Example of confined spaces
sewers, pits, crawl spaces, attics, boilers
A _____ is a confined space that may have a hazardous atmosphere, engulfment hazard, or other serious hazard, such as exposed wiring, that can interfere with a worker’s ability to leave the space without assistance
permit space
Who can enter a permit required confined space?
Only workers who have been assigned and trained to work in a permit space may do so. Additionally, before workers can enter a permit space, the employer has to write a permit that specifies what safety measures must to be taken and who is allowed to go in
What is Subpart AA?
Confined Spaces in Construction
What is Subpart F?
Fire Protection and Prevention
Do I need to do anything if there are permit spaces at the worksite, but my employees will not need to enter the permit space?
Yes, you must take effective steps to prevent your employees from entering the space
If I hire a contractor (or subcontractor) to do work in a confined space do I have any responsibilities?
Yes, Controlling contractors and host employers must discuss spaces on the site and their hazards with entry employers and each other before and after entry
Fire doors must not be ____ or ______ when employees are inside
blocked or locked
At least 2A extinguisher every ______ of building area
3000 sq ft
_____ and ______ given construction priority
Fire walls
exit stairways
What are signs?
warning of hazard, temporarily or permanently affixed or placed, at locations where hazards exits
What are signals?
moving signs, provided by workers, such as flagmen, or by devices, such as flashing lights, to warn of possible or existing hazards
What are barricades?
an obstruction to deter the passage of persons or vehicles
When are danger signs used?
only where an immediate
hazard exists
When are caution signs used?
only to warn against
potential hazards
What are tags?
Temporary signs, usually attached to a piece of equipment, to warn of existing or immediate hazards
What is signaling?
Flagman- used when signs, signals, and barricades do not provide the necessary protection on or adjacent to a highway or street
Flags or paddles must be _______
18 inches square
What is the advanced warning area?
This area is the most important since it:
Gets the public’s attention
Informs the driver of what to expect ahead
Provides the driver time to react
Advance Warning Area should use three types of signs:
General warning (ROAD WORK AHEAD) Specific warning (ONE LANE ROAD AHEAD or RIGHT LANE CLOSED AHEAD) Specific instructions (FLAGGER AHEAD)
The transition area should:
Move traffic out of the normal path/flow
Provide clear directions so that drivers know where to go
Usually involve tapers
Vary with speed and distance
The buffer area is:
A safety factor in case a driver does not stop
The place where you can adjust for hills and curves
A place where vehicles and/or equipment are not allowed
The termination area:
Lets drivers know the work zone is over
Is usually a short taper
Needs an END ROAD WORK sign if it is not obvious
Flaggers need the following:
the proper equipment proper training. Proper attitude includes being: Alert Motivated Committed
Flaggers should always have
an escape route
To Release Traffic:
After receiving the signal from the other flagger,
step back to the shoulder of the road,
turn your paddle to SLOW (or drop flag by your side).
With your free hand, motion traffic to proceed.
Flagger Don’ts:
- Become distracted
- Stand in the travel lane
- Use the flag to signal
- Waving the flag confuses drivers
- Assume traffic will stop
- Sit or rest on nearby equipment or vehicles
- Use walkmans, radios, etc.
- Turn your back to traffic unless it is absolutely necessary after approaching vehicles have stopped
Combustible materials piled no higher than
20 feet
Driveways between piles at least
15 feet wide
Solid piles whenever possible should be
10 ft from buildings
Noncompatible materials segregated by
1 hour barrier
Clearance of ______ maintained between top level of material and sprinkler deflectors
36 inches
Clearance of ______ around path of travel of fire doors, unless a barricade is provided
24 inches
Material shall not be stored within _____ of a fire door opening
36 inches
No more than ____ of combustible liquids in one cabinet
120 gallons
Containers over _____ not stacked
30 gallons
Storage shall not exceed ______ in one pile or area
1100 gallons
Portable tanks no closer than _____ to buildings
20 feet
Dispensing into portable containers not less than ___ from buildings
50 feet
Confined Spaces in Construction was issued
Issued: May 1, 2015
Effective Date: August 3, 2015
Permits may be ______ instead of _______, provided the employer conducts a full evaluation prior to re-entry
“suspended”
“cancelled”
Employers must develop a plan for summoning local emergency services _______
and to contact them before starting work if relying on them for entry rescue
During controlled atmosphere/alternate procedures entry, employers may
control/isolate physical hazards instead of eliminating them
Host is the one who
Give controlling contractor information if available
Controlling Contractor is the one who
Must give information to entry employers
Entry Employer is the one who
Must inform controlling contractor of their procedures
Entry and controlling employers must coordinate work during entry if
More than one entity in the space at the same time
Other activities could result in a hazard within the space
Post-entry information transfer:
Entry Employer - Must give controlling contractor information about the space
Controlling Contractor - Must give information to host employer
There are four parts to the permit space evaluation process:
Determine if workplace has permit spaces,
Inform exposed employees,
Take measures to prevent entry, and
Monitor conditions for change.
If there are permit spaces, employers must
inform employees, by posting danger signs or by any other equally effective means, of the existence and location of and the danger posed by the permit spaces
Danger signs are probably the most
effective and economical way to warn employees
Monitoring Conditions for Change in:
Use and Configuration
Duties that the host employer has toward the contractor:
Inform of permit spaces Apprise of hazards Apprise of precautions and procedures Coordinate entry operations Debrief
Contractors are
employers hired to perform work in confined spaces
A permit space can be reclassified as a non-permit space if:
It contains no actual or potential atmospheric hazards, and
All other hazards can be eliminated (i.e., no ongoing measures are required to keep the space safe)
If hazards arise while employees are inside a space
they must exit the space
Once entrance covers are removed
temporary barriers must be placed
Before entry, the internal atmosphere must be tested in the order specified in
Oxygen content
Flammable gases and vapors
Potential toxic air contaminants
Employer must certify
certify in writing that the space is safe for entry
Entry under (c)(5) would not be acceptable if
hazards in the space would quickly increase if ventilation were to stop
