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Equine Reproduction > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?

A

melatonin

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2
Q

What size is a preovulatory follicle?

A

30-50mm

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3
Q

True or False: PGF2alpha can aid in oviductal transport of the embryo

A

False

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4
Q

True or False: the cervix in the mare has hard cartilaginous rings

A

False

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5
Q

What is a CA on the ovary

A

white body

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6
Q

True or False: The hypothalamus is physically isolated from the reproductive tract but plays a central role in reproduction

A

True

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7
Q

What is the major physical barrier to contamination of the mare’s uterus?

A

the vestibulovaginal ring

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8
Q

True or False: A general physical exam should be included in a BSE.

A

True

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9
Q

True or False: Heritable conditions/conformation should be considered when selecting a sire

A

True

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10
Q

What are three parts of a stallion’s reproductive history that should be included in a BSE?

A

Foaling rates
Age
Pregnancy rates

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11
Q

What is the ideal number of mounts for a stallion to breed a mare/be collected?

A

1-2 times

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12
Q

True or False: All equipment used for semen evaluation should be kept at 37 degree C

A

True

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13
Q

What are three components of semen evaluation?

A

Motility
Volume
Concentration

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14
Q

True or False: The gland penis can be used as an indicator of ejaculation in the stallion during collection

A

True

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15
Q

True or False: The testes are responsible for production of seminal plasma

A

False

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16
Q

Describe spermiogenesis

A

Spermatids differentiate into mature spermatids

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17
Q

How many days does it take for production and maturation of sperm in the stallion?

A

65 days

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18
Q

True or False: Spermatogenesis occurs at body temperature

A

False

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19
Q

True or False: Severe discipline aids in reproductive fertility and should always be used in excess when handling a stallion

A

False

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20
Q

What type of penile tissue is present in the stallion?

A

Musculocavernous

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21
Q

Where does fertilization occur in the mare?

A

the ampullary-isthmic junction

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22
Q

True or False: Ovulation can occur at any place on the mare’s ovary

A

False

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23
Q

Give 3 general descriptions of the ovary of the mare

A

Kidney bean shaped
“Inside out”
Houses an ovulation fossa

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24
Q

Is cervical mucus thick or thin during estrus?

A

Thin

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25
Q

Which layer of the uterus is glandular and secretory?

A

The endometrium

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26
Q

True or False: Cyclicity in the mare starts and ends very quickly, similar to turning on and off a light switch

A

False

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27
Q

What hormone is dominant during pregnancy?

A

P4

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28
Q

What are three example times when a stallion BSE is performed?

A

Pre-purchase
Insurance Purposes
When a problem in identified

29
Q

What defines DSO (daily sperm output) in the stallion?

A

How much sperm the stallion could provide on a daily basis

30
Q

Which best describes the mare?
Lactational anestrus
Seasonal polyestrous
Monoestrous

A

Seasonal polyestrous

31
Q

True or False: If you administer exogenous P4 the mare will show signs of heat

A

False

32
Q

How many days on average is estrous in the mare?

A

21-22 days

33
Q

True or False: Diestrus ends with the regression of the CL

A

True

34
Q

What type of feedback does P4 have on GnRH?

A

Inhibitory feedback

35
Q

What hormone is dominant during the follicular phase?

A

E2

36
Q

True or False: Horses are induced ovulators

A

False

37
Q

Where is FSH produced?

A

The anterior pituitary

38
Q

True or False: You can efficiently and easily super ovulate the mare for not much cost

A

False

39
Q

What structure allows GnRH to act directly on the anterior pituitary?

A

The hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

40
Q

True or False: PGF2alpha can aid in oviductal transport of the embryo

A

False

41
Q

True or False: Mares are short day breeders

A

False

42
Q

True or False: Inhibin has a positive feedback on FSH

A

False

43
Q

True or False: The follicular wave in the mare can and does occur in waves

A

True

44
Q

True or False: T4 is dominant during the luteal phase

A

False

45
Q

True or False: PGF2alpha is secreted by the ovary in mare

A

False

46
Q

When does the mare secrete PGF2a if not bred?

A

Days 13-16 post ovulation

47
Q

True or False: the mare’s uterus is more T shaped than Y shaped

A

True

48
Q

True or False: You only need to see a DF to determine if a mare is in estrus

A

False

49
Q

List some important factors in predicting ovulation

A

Day of estrus/signs of estrus
DF size and characteristics
Uterine edema
Cervical relaxation

50
Q

True or False: Foal heat is unique to the mare

A

True

51
Q

What role does melatonin play on GnRH

A

Inhibitory

52
Q

What is the juncture between the vestibule and vagina?

A

vestibulovaginal ring

53
Q

True or False: The myometrium is glandular and secretory

A

False

54
Q

What is the scale range of detecting estrus in the mare?

A

0-4

55
Q

True or False: A mare that scores a 1 while teasing is sexually receptive to the stallion

A

False

56
Q

How long does a mare need to be under lights to start cycling?

A

8-10 weeks

57
Q

How many hours per day must a mare be exposed to lights to induce cyclicity?

A

14-16 hours

58
Q

True or False: You should breed on the first ovulation of the season

A

False

59
Q

True or False: Fertility is increased during foal heat

A

False

60
Q

What two drugs induce ovulation in the mare with a pre-ovulatory sized follicle

A

Deslorelin

hCG

61
Q

True or False: P4 masks signs of heat in the mare

A

True

62
Q

What is the minimum size of follicle required to administer hCG

A

35mm

63
Q

True or False: ovulation occurs typically within 24-48 hours post deslorelin

A

True

64
Q

What drug can be used for super ovulation protocol in mares

A

reFSH

65
Q

What does Lutalyse do?

A

lyse the CL

66
Q

True or False: You can use Regumate as part of a synchronization protocol

A

True

67
Q

You can breed a more on her foal heat which occurs ____ days post foaling

A

7-10

68
Q

What procedure can help a mare that has a sunken anus?

A

Caslick’s

Equine Reproduction (1 decks)

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