Exam 1 Flashcards
The cathode in the x-ray tube is a coiled _________. It is made of ______________.
a. tube, aluminum
b. tube, tungsten
c. wire, copper
d. wire, tungsten
d. wire, tungsten
The purpose of a transformer is to:
a. Transform the voltage to enable the unit to power up
b. Maintain the voltage and decrease the current
c. Increase the voltage in a step-up transformer
d. Decrease the voltage in a step-up transformer
c. Increase the voltage in a step-up transformer
Which of the following is not considered a stochastic effect of radiations?
a. Hypothyroidism
b. Cancer
c. Diabetes
d. Sterility
c. Diabetes
Matter and energy are basic to every substance on earth. Which of the following statements is true?
a. The principle characteristic of matter is mass or weight.
b. The principle characteristics of energy are time and space.
c. Matter represents motion and frequency.
d. Energy cannot be created out of atoms and molecules.
a. The principle characteristic of matter is mass or weight.
Which of the following exposure settings fully determines the number of X-ray photons produced during a radiographic exposure?
a. milliamperage
b. time
c. kilovolts
d. milliamperage seconds
d. milliamperage seconds
Phosphor conversion efficiency is ________ at which the x-ray photons are converted _____.
a. the rate, to x-rays
b. the speed, to silver
c. the speed, to polyphotons
d. the speed, to light
d. the speed, to light
The filament circuit is used to:
a. Boost the current to the x-ray transformer
b. Send electric current to the cathode to heat it
c. Increase the current to the collimator light
d. Increase the intensity of the electron beam
NOT A
The anode rotates in order to:
a. Dissipate the heating effect of the electrons as they hit the target
b. Dissipate the heat emitted in the production of x-rays
c. Decrease the size of the focal spot to form a clearer image
d. Increase the size of the focal spot and increase contrast
b. Dissipate the heat emitted in the production of x-rays
High energy X-ray photons have:
a. High frequency, short wavelength
b. High frequency, long wavelength
c. Low frequency, short wavelength
d. Low frequency, long wavelength
a. High frequency, short wavelength
The 15% rule is primarily used:
a. When the image is far too dark or too light
b. When the density on the image needs to be a little darker
c. When the contrast on the image needs to be enhanced
d. To reset the technical factors because of fogged film
c. When the contrast on the image needs to be enhanced
When placing an image of an extremity on the illuminator for the veterinarian to read, you should position it so that the digits are pointing:
a. Upward
b. Downward
c. To the left
d. To the right
b. Downward
X-rays are produced when ________ electrons are attracted to _______________ by an electromagnetic force.
a. negative, a negative cathode
b. negative, a positive anode
c. positive, a negative anode
d. positive, a positive anode
b. negative, a positive anode
The purpose of an intensifying screen is to:
a. Enhance the x-ray beam to make it stronger
b. Convert the x-ray beam to x-ray photons
c. Convert the primary x-ray beam to light photons
d. Change the x-ray beam to scattered radiation
c. Convert the primary x-ray beam to light photons
The three rules of using a technique chart correctly include:
a. Positioning on the table, measuring, and centering the central ray
b. Positioning the animal on the floor and centering to the film
c. Measuring the animal in the cage and then setting the technical factors
d. Measuring the animal upright, setting the techniques before measuring, and then centering to the grid tray
a. Positioning on the table, measuring, and centering the central ray
Film speed is determined by the _____ of the emulsion and the ____ of the silver halide crystals.
a. color, weight
b. thickness, color
c. thickness, size
d. reaction, speed
c. thickness, size
The primary exposure factor which should be adjusted to change radiographic density is:
a. mA
b. Time
c. mAs
d. kV
c. mAs
The veterinarian requests a right lateral of the thorax of a Pomeranian. The patient will be tranquilized and:
a. Lying on its right side
b. Lying on its left side
c. Standing so that its right side is against the plate
d. The beam will enter the patient from the right side
a. Lying on its right side
The intensification factor is the ______ necessary to produce an image ______ screens vs. the exposure necessary to produce the image _____ screens.
a. photon number, with, without
b. exposure, with, without
c. speed, without, with
d. electricity, with, without
b. exposure, with, without
With regard to Linear energy transfer, X-rays and gamma rays have:
a. High LET with high penetrability
b. High LET with low penetrability
c. Low LET with higher penetrability
d. Low LET with low penetrability
NOT B
In x-ray technology, potential difference refers to the difference between:
a. The charge between the cathode and the anode of the x-ray tube
b. The technical factors used with large dogs compared with cats
c. The voltage and the amperage in an electric circuit
d. The power ratings of two different x-ray units
a. The charge between the cathode and the anode of the x-ray tube
Imaging relies on a sound knowledge of the colors of the rainbow; the following is true:
a. It doesn’t matter because we can’t see color in the dark.
b. Ultraviolet, on the outside of the curve, cannot be affected by infrared.
c. Ultraviolet is in the middle of the curve; infrared is on the outside of the curve.
d. The color of the light that film emulsion reacts to must match the screen color.
d. The color of the light that film emulsion reacts to must match the screen color.
Photons are described as:
a. Electromagnetic radiation that has a positive electrical charge
b. Negatively charged electrons in the nucleus or the atom
c. Negatively charged protons within the nucleus of the atom
d. Electromagnetic radiation that has no electrical charge
d. Electromagnetic radiation that has no electrical charge
Energy can be represented by both:
a. Waves and particles
b. Waves and frequencies
c. Mass and matter
d. Matter and waves
a. Waves and particles
The radiation worker is described as:
a. A person who works in the same building where radiation is produced
b. A worker who does not work with radiation but may be exposed to it
c. A worker who works with radiation during his or her normal duties
d. The employer of people who work with radiation
c. A worker who works with radiation during his or her normal duties
The most susceptible tissue is tissue that is rapidly dividing; which of the following is true?
a. Postpubertal adolescents would be highly affected.
b. Prepubertal children would be most affected.
c. This includes the healing of surgical wounds.
d. This includes the tissue in a 2- to 10-week fetus.
d. This includes the tissue in a 2- to 10-week fetus.
The three fundamental methods of radiation protection are:
a. Distance, leaded aprons, and leaded gloves
b. Time, distance, and shielding
c. Time, inverse square law, and distance
d. Time, LET, and shielding
b. Time, distance, and shielding
Kilovoltage is primarily responsible for:
a. The hardness of the x-ray beam and its penetration
b. The amount of density on the radiograph
c. The intensity of the radiation and the density
d. The blackness of the perimeter surrounding the image
a. The hardness of the x-ray beam and its penetration
Radiation workers should always reduce radiation doses by following the:
a. ALARA principle
b. The least dose principle
c. The no dose–image gently formula
d. The principle of radiation doses
a. ALARA principle
When radiation strikes a cell, the most vulnerable area is the:
a. Cell wall
b. DNA
c. Mitochondria
d. Mitosis
b. DNA
A worker employed at two veterinary clinics would only have one dosimeter badge to allow them to have a combination of all their exposures from the two clinics.
a. True
b. False
b. False
Milliamperage is responsible for the intensity of the radiation, which:
a. Translates to the density on the image
b. Translates to the contrast on the image
c. Relates only to the time of the exposure
d. Does not concern the blackness of the background.
a. Translates to the density on the image
An employer is legally bound to instruct new employees that:
a. There is equipment that produces radiation on site
b. There is a radiation source but they will not be exposed to it
c. They are in a facility where there is a radiation source for radiography
d. They are not obligated to work with radiation
c. They are in a facility where there is a radiation source for radiography
It is important to collimate the beam as much as possible so that there is less:
a. Contrast and density on the image
b. Secondary exposure to the patient and restrainer
c. Chance of magnification or distortion
d. Likelihood that the patient will move
b. Secondary exposure to the patient and restrainer
The front of the x-ray cassette:
a. Must absorb scattered radiation
b. Should have a reflective coating to match the screen
c. Should have an adhesive layer to hold the film in place
d. Must be radiolucent and free of artifacts
d. Must be radiolucent and free of artifacts
Leaded aprons are composed of thin sheets of leaded rubber; which of the following is true?
a. The rubber is flexible and not likely to split if folded.
b. The rubber is heavy and does not react to bending or splitting.
c. The sheets of rubber are fragile and will split apart over time.
d. The leaded apron should be hung up when not in use.
d. The leaded apron should be hung up when not in use.
A cat is lying on its abdomen with its limbs extended. The view of the tarsus in this position would be called:
a. Palmarodorsal (PaD)
b. Plantarodorsal (PlD)
c. Craniocaudal (CrCd)
d. Caudocranial (CdCr)
b. Plantarodorsal (PlD)
Radiation exposure to veterinary workers is usually due to:
a. Primary and secondary radiation
b. Scattered and primary radiation
c. Scattered and secondary radiation
d. Secondary and stochastic radiation
c. Scattered and secondary radiation
The radiography log book is a record of exposures; the following statement is true:
a. It is also a legal necessity and maintains a record of technical factors.
b. It is not necessary because we always remember the techniques.
c. It is not necessary because the animal always measures the same.
d. It is necessary only to write down the animal’s name for accounting purposes.
a. It is also a legal necessity and maintains a record of technical factors.
You are to radiograph a lateral abdomen of a well-behaved golden retriever. To keep your patient in position so you can move away from the beam, you should place:
a. Sandbags over the chest and abdomen
b. Sandbags over the head/neck, pelvis, and limbs
c. Foam pads over the head/neck, pelvis, and limbs
d. A scruffer over the neck region behind the ears
b. Sandbags over the head/neck, pelvis, and limbs
The veterinarian required a follow-up radiograph of the abdomen of a patient. The technique chart was correctly followed, but your image was darker than the one taken by your colleague a month ago. This could be because:
a. Your patient has gained weight
b. You measured at the thickest part while the patient was on the table
c. You collimated more than your colleague did
d. You measured while the patient was standing
d. You measured while the patient was standing
A dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique (D60°L-PaMO) of an equine right carpus means that the beam is entering the right limb at 60 degrees from the:
a. Front and lateral side of the limb
b. Front and medial side of the limb
c. Back and lateral side of the limb
d. Back and medial side of the limb
a. Front and lateral side of the limb
The primary exposure factor which should be adjusted to improve radiographic contrast is:
a. mA
b. Time
c. mAs
d. kV
d. kV
If the screen continues to emit light after the photon source is removed, the effect is called:
a. Phosphorescence
b. Thermionic emission
c. Fluorescence
d. Photon lag
NOT D
A ground wire is installed in every generator. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. It prevents electric shock if there is a fault in the line.
b. It uses the excess electrons after the exposure.
c. It always feeds the on/off switch to the generator.
d. It provides an alternative route for the electricity.
d. It provides an alternative route for the electricity.
Which of the following subject densities will create the greatest radiographic density?
a. Gas
b. Fat
c. Soft Tissue
d. Bone
e. Metal
a. Gas
As intensifying screens age, the response of the phosphor reduces in brightness and speed.
a. True
b. False
a. True
The electrons are held in place by:
a. The neutral charge of the neutrons
b. Their own attachment to the nucleus
c. The ionization of the atom
d. The positive charge of the protons
d. The positive charge of the protons
X-rays are described as:
a. Invisible, but they travel in straight lines at the speed of light
b. Electrically neutral unless they are emitted from a charged source
c. Visible through a lens during x-ray exposure
d. Causing electrical changes in photographic film
a. Invisible, but they travel in straight lines at the speed of light
Radiation dosimeters must be issued to every radiation worker; which of the following is true?
a. Personal dosimeters should be hung in the x-ray room when not in use.
b. These are personal dosimeters and must not be shared with other workers.
c. They can be shared by people who job-share.
d. They should be taken home at the end of each shift to ensure they are safe.
b. These are personal dosimeters and must not be shared with other workers.
Which of the following exposure settings fully determines the energy and penetrating ability of the X-ray photons produced?
a. milliamperage
b. time
c. kilovolts
d. milliamperage seconds
NOT D
