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Invertebrate Zoology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Multicellular

Heterotrophs

zygote undergoes clevage (mitosis) to create bastula

A

Metazoans

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2
Q

bilateral

radial

asymmetrical

A

types of symmetry

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3
Q

sudden appearance and apparently rapid diversification of complex animals

A

Cambrian Explosion

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4
Q

Type of symmetry

correlated with cephalization

A

bilateral symmetry

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5
Q

the concentration of nervous and sensory tissues and organs at one end of an animal, resulting in distinct anterior and posterior ends.

A

cephalization

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6
Q

Invertbrates can be classified by

A

multicellular

acellular (without cells)

unicellular (single celled)

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7
Q

formed in the early stages of embryonic devleopment and gives rise to adult tissues/organs

A

germ layers

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8
Q

Type of symmetry

A

Radial symmetry

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9
Q

Type of symmetry

A

asymmetrical

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10
Q

2 germ layers (ectoderm + endoderm)

A

Diploblastic

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11
Q

3 germ layers ( ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm)

A

Triploblastic

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12
Q

outermost layer of cells

A

ectoderm

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13
Q

types of germ layers

A

mesoderm

ectoderm

endoderm

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14
Q

innermost layer of cells

A

endoderm

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15
Q

rise from the ectoderm or endoderm

lies between the ectoderm and the endoderm

A

mesoderm

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16
Q

animals possessing a coelom

mesoderm lines body cavity on both sides

A

coelmates or eucoeolmates

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17
Q

What body cavity type is this?

A

Coelmate or eucoelmate

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18
Q

internal, fluid-filled body cavity

lying between the gut and the outer body wall

lined lined by epithelium (mesoderm derived)

acts as a protective cushion for internal organs

A

coelom

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19
Q

Blastophore becomes mouth

mouth before anus

spiral clevage and deteminate

coelom formation: as a splitting of the mesoderm

A

Protostomes

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20
Q

process of the coelom is formed by splitting the mesoderm tissue

Protostomes does this

A

schizocoely

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21
Q

Blastophore becomes the anus

anus before mouth

radial cleavage and indeterminate

coelm formation: evagination of the archenteron into the embryonic blastocoel

A

Deuterostomes

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22
Q

Coelmates are divided into

A

Protosomes or Deuterostomes

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23
Q

occurs in Deuterostomes

mesoderm develops as pouches

which are pinched off from the endoderm tissue

eventually fuse to form the mesoderm

giving rise to coelm

A

enterocoely

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24
Q

internal body cavity derived from the blastocoel

mesoderm do not line entire body cavity (only body cavity not gut)

no true coelm

A

Pseudocoelomates

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25
Q

internal space that develops in the embryo before gastrulation

A

blastocoel

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26
Q

What body cavity type is this

A

Pseudocoelomate

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27
Q

what body cavity is this?

A

acoelomate

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28
Q

no internal body cavity

no colem

A

acoelomate

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29
Q

invertebrates are said to be:

paraphyletic

or

monophyletic

A

paraphyletic

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30
Q

do not undergo meiosis

asexual reproduction

A

Ameiotic

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31
Q

eggs develop to adulthood without the process of fertilization

A

parthenogenesis

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32
Q

sexes are seperate

A

gonochoristic or diecious

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33
Q

both male and female sex organs

A

Hermaphrodite/monocieous

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34
Q

innerbody surface lined with flagellated cells

sessile

filter feed

inside body filled with spongocell

chanocytes (collar cells) lines spongocell

mesophyl layer with live cells

archaeocytes swim around in the mesophyl

outer layer composed of pinaocytes

asxeual reproduction

A

poriferans

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35
Q

defining charactestic of Porifera phylum

A

microvillar collar arround the flagella

with cells that arise from single cells or syncytia

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36
Q

collar cell with flagellum and microvilli

A

choanocyte

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37
Q

responsible for digesting food captured by chanocytes

role in eliminating wastes

secrete spicules or spongin

A

archaeocytes

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38
Q

cells secreting spicules

derived from archaeocytes

A

sclerocytes

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39
Q

cells secreting sponge cells

derived from archaeocytes

A

spongocytes

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40
Q

dormant structures

found in freshwater sponges

internal buds involved in asexual reproduction

A

gemmules

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41
Q

flattened contractile cells

forms pinacoderm

A

pinacocyte

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42
Q

water flows into the spongocell through the __________

A

ostia

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43
Q

water flows out the spongocell through the _____________

A

oscula

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44
Q
A

anatomy of sponge

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45
Q

Classes of Phylum Porifera

A

Calcarea

Demospongiae

Hexactinellida

Homoscleromorpha

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46
Q

most primitive phylum

A

porifera

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47
Q
A

basic sponge anatomy

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48
Q

spicules composed of calcium carbonate

only class of sponges to have all 3 body plans

A

Class Calcarea

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49
Q

sponge body plans

A

leuconoid

asconoid

syconoid

50
Q

simplest body plan

tube or vase shaped

sponogcell surrounded by chanocytes

single osculum

A

asconoid

51
Q

highest complexity

no spongocoel

flagellated chambers with chanocytes

mutiple osculum

A

leuconoid

52
Q

tube or vased shaped body

spongocoel

single osculum

thick and more complex body wall

A

syconoid

53
Q

largest class of sponges

mostly leuconoid body

spicules of silicia or spongin

freshwater sponges

A

Class Demospongiae

54
Q

6-rayed spicules made of silica and chitin

either syconoid or leuconoid

no pinacoderm layer

outer and inner layer syncytial

A

Class Hexactinellida

glass sponges

55
Q

few silica spicules or none at all

clear, distinct basal membrane underlying the epithelium

A

Class Homoscleromorpha

56
Q

hollow blastula

A

coeloblastula

57
Q

sponge larvae that is flagellated at only one end

A

amphiblastula

58
Q

solid blastula without a blastocoel

A

stereoblastula

59
Q

Defining characterisitcs

Small, multicellular

no defined shape

lack of a body cavity, digestive system and nervous system

2 layers of ciliated epithelial cells

layer of multinucleated contractile cells in between

A

Phylum Placozoa

60
Q

Defining characterisitics

Secretion of complex intracellular organelles (cnidae- nematocysts)

planula larvae in the life cycle

A

Phylum Cnidaria

61
Q

Body types in Cnidarians

A

polyp

medusa

62
Q
A

medusa body form

63
Q
A

polyp body form

64
Q

typically radial symmetry

gonochorisitic

tentacles surrounding the mouth

single opening to the digestive system

secrete cnidae

2 cell layer (epidermis + gastrodermis+ mesoglea)=diploblastic

A

cnidarians

65
Q

secretion of complex intracellular organelles in cnidarians

A

cnidae

66
Q

stinging structure in cnidarians used to stun or kill prey

A

nematocysts

67
Q
A

cnidarian body plan

68
Q

organ of balance and orientation in aquatic inverts

A

statocyst

69
Q

eyespot

light receptors

A

ocelli

70
Q

sensory touch receptor

A

lappets

71
Q

medusa specific sensory structure

where statocysts and ocelli are contained

A

rhopalia

72
Q

subphylum of aquatic parasitic cnidarian animals

infects invertebrate and vertebrate hosts

A

Myxozoans

73
Q
A
74
Q

Defining characterisitcs

Plates of fused cilia arranged in rows

adhesive prey-capturing cells (colloblasts)

A

Ctenophora

75
Q

biradial symmetry

triploblastic

epidermis + gastrodermis +mesoglea = diploblastic

hermaphroditic

A

ctneophores

76
Q

sticky granules on the tentacles of a ctenophore

helps capture prey

A

colloblast

77
Q

site of extracellular digestion

A

stomodeum

78
Q
A
79
Q

free-living flatworms

permanent gut cavity

statocyst + two statoliths

sperm with a single flagellum

A

Nemertodermatids

80
Q

Xenacoelomorpha splits into:

A

Acoels, Nemertodermatids, Xenoturbella

81
Q

eats bivalves and bivalve embryos

worm shaped

bilaterians

hermaphrodites

marine, benthic

A

Xenoturbella

82
Q

marine species

blind gut

statocyst + single statolith

resemble flatworms

bilateral

net-like nervous system

lack nephridia

A

Acoels

83
Q

Lacking a body cavity between the gut and the outer body wall musculature

A

Acoelomate

84
Q

structure in the statocyst, which allows certain invertebrates to sense gravity and balance

A

statolith

85
Q

Defining Characteritics

curved, chitinous, grasping spines on head = seizing prey

lateral stabilizing fins made from ectodermal derivatives

A

Chaetognatha

86
Q

large SA:V

post-anal tail

nutrient transport by circulation of coelmatic fluid

hermaphrodites

arrow worms

free living, marine

gas exchange and excretion = diffusion

no respiratory, excretory and circulatory system

ciliated body cavity

torpedo body

deuterostomous coelomates

cleavage = radial and indeterminant

nervous system (ganglia)

transparent

lateral fins + caudal fin = anchors for body

no molted cuticle

A

Chaetognaths

87
Q
A

diagram of chaetognath

88
Q

Plathyhelminthes (flatworm) classes

A

turbellarians- free living

parasitic (monogeneans, trematodes, and cestodes)

89
Q

most primitive bilateral animal

1st to have evolved a true mesoderm

ciliated epidermis

locomotion : pedal waves/looping

duo-glands

benthic

A

Turbellarians

90
Q

high SA: V

acoelomate

hermaphedite

triploblastic

protonephridia

gas exchange = diffusion

no respiratory or circulatory system

bilaterally symmetrical

protostome-like: spiral determinate clevage

mouth forms before the anus, and forms from the blastopore.

A

Platyhelminthes

91
Q

tissue that occupies the entire space between the outer body wall and the endoderm of the gut

A

parenchyma tissue

92
Q

in flatworms to help with water balance

A

protonephridia (flame cell)

93
Q

in flatworms a cell that draws water in and expels back out

removes waste material

if bundled called = protonephridia

A

flame cell

94
Q
A

planarian body

95
Q
A
96
Q

waves

(in the same direction as the movement) or

(in the direction opposite to the movement

A

pedal waves

97
Q
A

planarian body section

98
Q

adhesive and release system in flatworms

A

duo-glands

99
Q

unique to turberllarians

adhesion

thick mucus

A

rhabdites

100
Q

protrusible

feeding structure

A

pharynx

101
Q

how regeneration is possible

undifferentiated cells

unqiue to turberllarians

A

neoblast

102
Q

Defining Characterisitcs

Small anterior hooked attachment organ (scolex)

division of body into seg-ments (proglottids) arising from anterior end, behind the scolex

(loss) of digestive tract

A

Cestoda

tapeworms

103
Q

nonciliated syntical tegument that covers them

A

cestodes

104
Q

hooks and/or suckers that are used to maintain position within the host’s gut.

A

scolex

105
Q
A

cestoda

106
Q

involved sexual reproduction in cestodes

A

prottogloid

107
Q

larval form of a tapeworm once it has been ingested by an intermediate host animal

A

oncosphere

108
Q

Defining characteritics

Posterior attachment organ (haptor)

sucker and complex attachments

larva = 3 bands of cilia

1 or 2 pairs of eyes

A

class monogea

109
Q

usually parasitic on the skin or gills of fishes ( ectoparasites)

A

Monogenetic flatworms

110
Q

haptor

A

attachement in monogeans

111
Q

body covered by cuticle

oral sucker + ventral sucker

2 hosts

hermaphedites

A

Class Trematoda

112
Q
A

trematoda

113
Q

a vertebrate Definitive host = sexual reproduction

intermediate host = asexual reproduction

asexual repduciton produces cercariae

Completed when eggs shed by adult worms are excreted in host feces and hatch to release ciliated miracidia

A

Trematoda life cycle

114
Q

acoelomate

benthic

live intersetially between sediment

cilia covered by cuticle

sexual reproduction

monoecious

adhesive tubes at the end

A

Gastrotricha

115
Q

part of phylum mesozoa

live in kidneys of cephalphods like squids and octopuses

lack digestive, respiratory, nervous, and excretory systems

sexual and asexual reproduction

A

Class Rhombozoa

116
Q

2 phases of life cycle

vermiform nematogen (embryo+adult)

A

Rhombozoa life cycle

117
Q

adults of rhombozoans (long/slender)

have a central cylindrical cell= axial cell

and

layer of ciliated external cells= peripheral cells

A

vermiforms

118
Q

part of mesozoa

endoparisitic

juveniles take the form of asymmetrical, multinucleate but syncytial, amoebalike individuals=plasmodia

A

Orthonectida

119
Q

deifining characteritics

Muscular eversible proboscis housed in a fluid-filled, schizocoelous cavity

A

Nemertea

120
Q

ribbon worm

have stylet at end of proboscis

one-way di-gestive tract, with an anterior mouth and a separate pos-terior anus

hollow proboscis

fluid filled d, tubular cavity called the rhynchocoel

triplobastic

acoelmate

ciliated epidermis

dioceious

A

nemertea

121
Q

no body cavity

A

aceolmate

Invertebrate Zoology (4 decks)

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