Exam 1 Flashcards
What comprises the cardiorespiratory system?
Heart and lungs
How many chambers does the heart have?
Four.
Left Atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
right ventricle
What does the heart do?
Pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body
What is pulmonary circulation?
When the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs
What is systemic circulation?
When the left side of the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body
Explain how the heart pumps blood
Oxygen poor blood travels through the vena cavae and into the right atrium. The right atrium fills, contracts, and pumps the blood into the lower right ventricle. When the ventricle is full, the heart contracts and pumps the blood through the pulmonary artery to the lung. From there, the blood picks up oxygen from the lungs and discards carbon dioxide. This is called diffusion. Oxygenated blood is pumped from the lungs through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium. The left atrium fills, and then contracts to pump blood into the left ventricle. The left ventricle fills, contracts and pumps the blood through the aorta for distribution to the entire body
What is the heart’s contraction called?
Systole
What is the heart’s relaxation called?
Distole
What is blood pressure?
The force exerted by blood on the walls of the blood vessels created by the pumping of the heart
What is a heartbeat?
The split-second sequence of the heart’s four chambers’ contractions
What do veins do?
Carry blood to the heart
What do arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart
What is the aorta?
The largest artery. It received blood from the left ventricle and distributes it throughout the body
Veins have….
A thin wall
Arteries have….
thick elastic walls which allow them to expand and relaxed with blood volume.
What are endothelia cells?
Cells lining blood vessels
What is nitric oxide?
A gas released by the endothelia cells which regulate blood flow
What are capillaries?
Small blood vessels
What do the capillaries do?
Distribute blood to all parts of the body. They deliver oxygen-rich blood and pick up oxygen-poor blood in order to start the cycle all over again
How many coronary arteries does the human body have?
Two. Right and Left
What do the coronary arteries do?
They are large arteries that branch off of the aorta and supply the heart with oxygenated blood.
What does the respiratory system do?
Facilitates the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen through the capillaries and alveoli.