Exam 1 Flashcards
What comprises the cardiorespiratory system?
Heart and lungs
How many chambers does the heart have?
Four.
Left Atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
right ventricle
What does the heart do?
Pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body
What is pulmonary circulation?
When the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs
What is systemic circulation?
When the left side of the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body
Explain how the heart pumps blood
Oxygen poor blood travels through the vena cavae and into the right atrium. The right atrium fills, contracts, and pumps the blood into the lower right ventricle. When the ventricle is full, the heart contracts and pumps the blood through the pulmonary artery to the lung. From there, the blood picks up oxygen from the lungs and discards carbon dioxide. This is called diffusion. Oxygenated blood is pumped from the lungs through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium. The left atrium fills, and then contracts to pump blood into the left ventricle. The left ventricle fills, contracts and pumps the blood through the aorta for distribution to the entire body
What is the heart’s contraction called?
Systole
What is the heart’s relaxation called?
Distole
What is blood pressure?
The force exerted by blood on the walls of the blood vessels created by the pumping of the heart
What is a heartbeat?
The split-second sequence of the heart’s four chambers’ contractions
What do veins do?
Carry blood to the heart
What do arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart
What is the aorta?
The largest artery. It received blood from the left ventricle and distributes it throughout the body
Veins have….
A thin wall
Arteries have….
thick elastic walls which allow them to expand and relaxed with blood volume.
What are endothelia cells?
Cells lining blood vessels
What is nitric oxide?
A gas released by the endothelia cells which regulate blood flow
What are capillaries?
Small blood vessels
What do the capillaries do?
Distribute blood to all parts of the body. They deliver oxygen-rich blood and pick up oxygen-poor blood in order to start the cycle all over again
How many coronary arteries does the human body have?
Two. Right and Left
What do the coronary arteries do?
They are large arteries that branch off of the aorta and supply the heart with oxygenated blood.
What does the respiratory system do?
Facilitates the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen through the capillaries and alveoli.
What are the alveoli?
Tiny grape-like air sacs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood
What are the three sources of energy from food?
Glucose, glycogen, and fat
What are the Three Energy Systems?
1) The Immediate Energy System
2) The Nonoxidative Energy System
3) The Oxidative Energy System
What is stroke volume?
The measure amount of blood the heart pumps with each beat
What is cardiac output?
The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute via heart rate and stroke volume
What is metabolic rate?
The rate in which the body uses energy
What is glucose?
A simple sugar circulating in the blood that can be used by cells to fuel adenosine triphosphate production
What is glycogen?
A complex carbohydrate stored in the liver and skeletal muscles, the major fuel source during most forms of intensive exercise. It is the storage form of glucose
What are Static/dynamic exercises and examples of each
Static- exercise that causes muscle contraction without a change in the muscle’s length or a joint angle ( e.g. plank or cobra pose)
Dynamic- Exercise that causes a muscle contraction and change in the muscle’s length (e.g. Bicep curl)
What are Concentric muscle contractions
Contraction in which the muscle becomes shorter as it contracts. Dynamic contractions can be concentric. (e.g. bicep curl)
What are eccentric muscle contractions?
Contraction where the muscle lengths as it contracts (e.g. arm curl when the weight is lowered)
What are risk factors for chronic diseases?
CVD High LDL Cancer Diabetes Mellitus II Osteoporosis Inflammaion Death
What does exercise do to cholesterol?
Raises HDL and lowers LDL
What is “inflamation”
The body’s response to tissue and cell damage, environmental poisons, or poor metabolic health
Name the diseases which encompass CVD
1) CAD
2) Stroke
3) High blood pressure
How does exercise help reduce the risk for DMII?
Obesity is linked to an increase in risk for DMII
How does exercise help reduce a risk for osteoporsis?
Weight training helps build bone density in early teens and twenties
How does exercise help reduce the risk of death?
It helps reduce the risk of premature death from chronic conditions
S.M.A.R.T.
SPECIFIC MEASURABLE ATTAINABLE REALISTIC TIME FRAME SPECIFIC
What is cardiovascular endurance?
The ability to perform prolonged, large-muscle, dynamic exercises at moderate to high levels of intensity
What is muscular strength?
The amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort
Why is muscular strength important?
It helps to keep the skeleton in proper alignment, aids in performing everyday activities
Why is cardivascular endurance important?
A healthy heart can better withstand stress
What is Wellness?
The active process of being aware and making healthy choices for a healthy and fufilling life.
Name the types of Wellness
Emotional Environmental Financial Intellectual Occupational Physical Social Spiritual
Emotional- Wellness
1) Self-care
2) Stress reduction
3) Relaxation
4) Develop inner resources
What is progressive overload?
When you gradually increase the weight, frequency, or number of repetitions in your strength training routine to build strength
How to take a pulse?
1) Carotid pulse- under the angle of the jaw
2) Radial- on the wrist under the thumb
What are examples of muscle strength tests?
bench press and leg press
What is muscular endurance? Give an example
The ability of a muscle to remain contracted or to contract repeatedly for a long period of time. (e.g running, cycling, or swimming)
What is Muscle strength? Give an example
The amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort (e.g. bench press and leg press)
What is a Heart attack
When a blood clot caused by a build-up of plaque in the arteries travels to the heart, causing an infarction which results in the death of the heart tissue.
What is a stroke
When a clot caused by the build-up of plaque in the arteries travels to the brain causing an infarction causing death to brain tissue.
