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State and Local Government > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

2021 Total Population

A

330 million

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2
Q

2050 Estimated Population

A

390 million

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3
Q

2021 Hispanic

A

16%

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4
Q

2021 African American

A

12%

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5
Q

2021 Asian

A

5%

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6
Q

2021 White, non-hispanic

A

65%

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7
Q

2021 Native American

A

1%

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8
Q

2050 Native American

A

1%

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9
Q

2050 White, non-hispanic

A

46%

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10
Q

2050 Asian

A

8%

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11
Q

2050 African American

A

12%

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12
Q

2050 Hispanic

A

30%

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13
Q

What is “Federalism”

A

Relationship between national government and sub-units (states)

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14
Q

When was the 16th Amendment passed?

A

1913

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15
Q

What is the 16th Amendment?

A

The Income Tax Amendment

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16
Q

What is the impact of the 16th Amendment?

A

Changes the power to Washington and allows the federal government to tax your paycheck

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17
Q

How was revenue obtained prior to the 16th Amendment?

A

Tarrifs

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18
Q

When was Shay’s Rebellion?

A

1787

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19
Q

What was Shay’s Rebellion?

A

Centered around foreclosure laws. The Massachusetts state government was unable to put down a rebellion of local farmers. They had to ask the federal government for help. The became a realization that the Articles of Confederation was not going to work and a need for a new consititution

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20
Q

When was the Constitution ratified?

A

1789

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21
Q

What were the key points of the new constitution?

A

1) It gave power to the states through the senate. This becomes important later with the idea of nulification
2) The founders are skeptical of a strong national government, but recognize the Articles of Confederation has failures.

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22
Q

Name the four states with the largest immigration

A

1) California
2) Texas
3) Florida
4) New York

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23
Q

Name the three fastest-growing states

A

1) Nevada
2) Arizona
3) Florida

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24
Q

What is the 2022 Foreign Born Population?

A

40 million

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25
Q

What is the California Foreign-Born Population?

A

10 million- 25% of the state

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26
Q

What is the Texas Foreign Born Population?

A

4.5 million

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27
Q

What is the New York Foreign Born Population?

A

4 million

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28
Q

What is the Florida Foreign Born Population?

A

3.6 million

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29
Q

What is the New Jersey Foreign Born Population?

A

1.7 million

30
Q

What is the time period of “Competitive Federalism”

A

1789 through 1865

31
Q

What is “Competitive Federalism”

A

The type of federalism in which states believed they had autonomy from the federal government

32
Q

What is nulification?

A

Process used to allow states to think about ignoring national law

33
Q

When is “Dual Federalism”

A

1865-1913

34
Q

What is “Dual Federalism”

A

“Layer Cake Federalism with the National government over the states

35
Q

What is the “ Supremacy Clause”

A

National laws and the Constitution are the supreme laws of the land

36
Q

Prior to the 16th Amendment, where did state and locate revenues originate?

A

Property taxes

37
Q

Prior to the 16th Amendment, where did federal revenue originate?

A

Tariffs

38
Q

What is the time period of “ Cooperative Federalism”

A

1932 through 1964

39
Q

What is “ Cooperative Federalism”

A

Flexible relationship between the federal and state governments in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs

40
Q

Who created “ Great Society Programs”

A

LBJ

41
Q

Who lifts the limits on immigration and when?

A

LBJ, 1965

42
Q

When was Amnesty?

A

1986

43
Q

What did Amnesty do?

A

Granted status to 3 million illegal immigrants.

44
Q

What are the years of the three immigration laws?

A

1965- LBJ lifts the limits on all parts of the world
1986- Amnesty grants status to 3 million illegal immigrants
1990- Raises the limits. 800,000 per year

45
Q

Name all forms of Federalism

A

1) Competitive Federalism 1789 through 1865
2) Dual Federalism 1865 through 1913
3) Cooperative Federalism 1913 through 1964
4) Centralized Federalism 1964 through 1980
5) New Federalism 1980 through present

46
Q

What are the five US territories?

A

1) Puerto Rico
2) Guam
3) Virgin Islands
4) Samoa
5) North Mariana Islands

47
Q

What is the necessary and proper clause (Elasticity clause), the commerce clause

A

Allows Congress to make any law it deems essential and appropriate.

48
Q

What is the 14th Amendment?

A

The Due Process and Equal Protection Amendment

49
Q

What are the effects of the 14th Amendment?

A

It was used as a way to nationalize the Bill of Rights

50
Q

What are Categorical Grants?

A

People would directly apply for money from the government for certain things (e.g. Wilson library)

51
Q

What are Block Grants?

A

A general type of grant given to a state for the state to dispense as they please.

52
Q

The powers of the national government that are not enumerated in the Constitution but that Congress claims are necessary and proper for the national government to fulfill its enumerated powers in accordance with the necessary and proper clause of the Constitution.

A

Reserve Powers

53
Q

What is “ Centralized Federalism”?

A

The relationship between the national and state governments whereby the national government imposes its policy preferences on state governments.

54
Q

The constitutional clause that requires states to comply with and uphold the public acts, records, and judicial decisions of other states.

A

The full faith and credit clause

55
Q

Name 2 pros of Federalism

A

1) Allows for innovation and experimentation

2) Allows power to be distributed

56
Q

Name two more pros of Federalism

A

3) Disperses power more widely

3) Allows for more political participation

57
Q

Name 2 cons of Federalism

A

1) Lack of accountability

2) Creates a “ race to the bottom” by making states compete with one another

58
Q

Name two more cons of federalism

A

3) Allows inequalities and creates economic and social disparities as a result of state-to-state competition.
4) Creates dissent which can be used as leverage

59
Q

When was the 14th amendment passed?

A

1868

60
Q

When was “New Federalism”?

A

1980 to present

61
Q

What is “New Federalism”?

A

A system of federalism in which more power is given back to the states. It starts with Nixon and the creation of block grants. Under Reagan, block grants increased. The idea was to get at waste.

62
Q

Name two “Laboratories of Democracy”

A

1) Stem cell research funding in California
2) Decriminalization of medical marijuana
3) Same-sex marriage

63
Q

What is an “ unfunded mandate?”

A

A national law with little or no federal funding

64
Q

Name two unfunded mandates

A

1) American Disabilities Act

2) No Child Left Behind

65
Q

Why do people like federalism?

A

It is the idea that it is close to the people. A pro of federalism is that many people believe that state and local officials know what is best for their state or region. It is the idea that “ One size fits all” does not work at a local level.

66
Q

What does FDR threaten to do?

A

Pack the court. He threatens to add six more Supreme Court Justices

67
Q

Name examples of LBJ’s Great Society Programs

A

1) Medicare and Medicaid
2) Civil Rights legislation
3) Food stamps

68
Q

What do people feel is the side effect of FDR’s federalism?

A

1) Creates waste as money becomes harder to keep track of

2) Creates giant bureaucracy

69
Q

What is LBJ’s downfall?

A

The war in Vietnam. It becomes highly criticized as tv revealed a war that was not going well.

70
Q

What is Baker vs. Carr

A

Tennesse plaintiffs alleged that state legislature failed to account for population variations. They argued this violated the 14th amendment under equal protection. The Supreme Court d ruled that federal courts have the right to intervene in apportionment

State and Local Government (2 decks)

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