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Plant Propagation > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Plant Propagation

A

The multiplication or preservation (maintenance) of types of plants important to man

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2
Q

Does a plant achieve maximum growth in its area of origin?

A

Not Necessarily

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3
Q

Why is geographic origin important?

A

Source of primitive/ancestral varieties for breeding new traits into cultivated varieties

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4
Q

What are 3 aspects of successful propagation?

A
  1. The “art” of propagation: technical and mechanical skills required for success
  2. The science of propagation: knowledge of plant growth and structure
  3. Knowledge of different types and species of plants
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5
Q

What is the system used to name plants?

A 
Binomial system (2 names)
Genus+ specific epithet=species name
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6
Q

Genus

A

A level of plant classification more narrow than family and broader than species; it is always written in italics with the first letter capitalized.

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7
Q

Specific epithet

A

the second part of a plant’s scientific species name that is always written in italics and lowercase letter; it is usually a Latin adjective.

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8
Q

What are some important developments in plant propagation?

A
  • Heating cables
    • Intermittent mist (late 1940s)
    • Root-inducing or promoting chemicals (1934-35)
    • Plastic revolution (1950s)
    • Means for overcoming seed dormancy
    • Micropropagation (1970s)
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9
Q

Two types of Plant Propagation

A

Sexual and Asexual

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10
Q

Sexual Propagation

A

Seed

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11
Q

Asexual / Vegetative propagation

A
  • Off spring produced is genetically identical to parent plant (cloning)
  • Reproduce plants with no viable seed.
  • Bypass “juvenility” in woody plants. Helpful to skip to phase creating flowers and fruit
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12
Q

Methods of asexual propagation

A

Leaf and bud cuttings, stem cuttings, division and separation, root cuttings, layering, grafting, budding, micropropagation

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13
Q

What is the most commonly used method of propagation in the nursery industry

A

Asexual

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14
Q

Clone

A

a group of genetically identical plants derived from a single individual seedling plant (or part of a plant) and propagated exclusively by asexual means

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15
Q

Sexual Propagation Facts

A
  • Genetic variation from parent plant

* Helps prevent monocultures

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16
Q

Monoculture

A

large scale production of an agricultural commodity based on one cultivar or clone, or a narrow genetic base

17
Q

Juvenility

A

An early stage in the life of a plant before it matures and produces flowers and fruits.

18
Q

Genetic Vulnerability

A

Increased risk of disease or insect epidemic associated with monoculture

19
Q

Examples of Monocultures

A

Sour Cherry, Papaya, Bananas

20
Q

Heat Treatment

A

steam, pasteurization (not sterilization), 160 deg F for 30 min

21
Q

Chemical Fumigation

A

Highly selective, dangerous, don’t vaporize will at low temperatures, waiting period for dissipation

22
Q

Fungicidal soil drenches

A

Not used in place of other methods, can be used after cuttings are already stuck

23
Q

Non-infected Parent Material treatment

A
  • Avoid or treat infected material
  • Dip cuttings in fungicide
  • Soak seed in 10% Chlorox solution
  • Don’t use dropped cuttings
24
Q

Treating containers

A
  • Steam
  • Boiling or hot water
  • Plastic: 158 deg F for 3 min
  • 2% formaldehyde (have to rinse off after)
  • 10% Chlorox solution (don’t have to rinse off after)
  • Fresh batch each time
25
Q

Cleaning tools

A
  • Steam
  • Boiling water
  • 2% formaldehyde
  • 10% Chlorox solution
  • 70% alcohol
  • Copper sulfate
26
Q

Advantages of cuttings

A 
• Many plants in a limited space 
	• Few stock plants needed 
	• Inexpensive, rapid, simple 
	• No compatibility issues 
	• Greater uniformity 
Parent plant usually reproduced exactly
27
Q

Totipotency

A

all living cells contain all the genetic information needed to regenerate a complete plant

28
Q

Dedifferentiation

A

capability of previously differentiated cell to return to the meristematic condition and form a growing point

29
Q

Meristem

A

areas of rapid cell division and growth

30
Q

Adventitious growth

A

new tissue arising spontaneously in areas where it normally wouldn’t

31
Q

4 Steps in Adventitious Root Development

A
  1. Dedifferentiation parenchyma cells become meristematic
  2. Differentiation: initiation of groups of root initials
  3. Differentiation of initials into organized root primordia
  4. Development and emergence of new roots (only step you see what’s happening)
32
Q

What are the two types of adventitious roots?

A

Preformed: root initials form on stem while still attached to parent plant

Wound-induced: develop after cutting is made

  • Wounding a prerequisite for formation
  • Rooting hormone (auxin) often applied

Plant Propagation (1 decks)

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