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NUR 311 Exam 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name that health professionals should use for safe drug use?

A

Generic name

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2
Q

When looking at phases/trials of medication, what is the phase that involves the public taking the medication?

A

Phase 4

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3
Q

Who would be the person most likely to have an adverse reaction?

A

Old person with respiratory disease

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4
Q

What do we need to verify with the patient before we give the dosage?

A

Right client, right medication, right dose, right route, right time.

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5
Q

If we have an uncommon side effect/response because of a genetic predisposition, it is known as…

A

Idiosyncratic response

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6
Q

What does off-label use mean?

A

When a medication is used for something not approved by the FDA.

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7
Q

If you inject something in a patient and they develop a high heart rate and they can’t breath, this is called…

A

Anaphylaxis

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8
Q

If changing an IV drug to an oral form or tablet, what kind of adjustment do we have to make?

A

We need to increase the dose.

IV route = lower dose, Oral dose = higher dose

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9
Q

Which drugs easily permeate the cell membrane?

A

Lipophilic

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10
Q

pH dependent ionization – where do acids best ionize?

A

In basic/alkaline solutions

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11
Q

What will decrease the rate of how fast a drug is absorbed?

A

Low blood flow

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12
Q

Which type of drug administration has the most rapid onset?

A

IV

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13
Q

What is the most common method that drugs can cross the cell membrane?

A

Direct penetration

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14
Q

Which types of medications can you crush?

a. sustained release
b. extended release
c. instant release

A

Instant release

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15
Q

What does pharmacotherapeutics mean?

A

The therapy/treatment of the drug (diagnose disease, treat disease, and prevent the disease or pregnancy (medical use of drugs)

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16
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

The study of impact of body on drugs

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17
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

The study of what drugs do to the body and how they do it.

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18
Q

Cytochrome P450 , what is it?

A

They metabolize/breakdown drugs in the liver

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19
Q

What is a first pass effect?

A

A phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug, specifically when administered orally, is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation. Drugs go through the liver, first time it inactivates it, second time it goes back to the liver it breaks it down.

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20
Q

If a medication has a strong attraction to albumin and then you give another medication with a stronger attraction to albumin, what happens?

A

It makes the first medication more effective

21
Q

Drugs that undergo enterohepatic circulation, what is this?

A

“Within” the system “hepatic = liver”

The movement of bile acid molecules from the liver to the small intestine and back to the liver.

21
Q

Drugs that undergo enterohepatic circulation, what is this?

A

“Within” the system “hepatic = liver”

The movement of bile acid molecules from the liver to the small intestine and back to the liver.

22
Q

What does the duration of a drug indicate?

A

How long it is essentially working for when it is in its working phase

23
Q

What do we define the therapeutic range is?

A

The minimum effective concentration of the dose to the concentration where the drug is toxic

24
Q

What is intrinsic activity?

A

The ability to activate a receptor

25
Q

What receptor family has the fastest response time?

A

Ion channels

26
Q

What is an agonist?

A

Agonist = making things happen

Antagonist is blocking the effect

27
Q

What is a noncompetitive agonist?

A

The agonist can’t be kicked off because they’re stuck there

No competition

28
Q

What is up and down receptor regulation?

A

Affects how drug response is based on how many receptors there ends up being to take in something

29
Q

Therapeutic index

A

The range of doses at which a medication is effective without unacceptable adverse events
Higher the index = safer

30
Q

If p-glycoprotein is induced, what happens to intestinal absorption?

A

Decreases absorption

31
Q

If a drug is supposed to be on an empty stomach, how many hours after a meal should we give it?

A

2 hours after a meal

32
Q

If a patient developed a pharmacodynamic tolerance to a drug, they need a ________ dose to get the therapeutic effect.

A

Higher

33
Q

What week do we worry about organ development for newborns in pregnancy?

A

1st trimester - 3-8 weeks

34
Q

Why would we worry about drug sensitivity in newborns?

A

Brain is underdeveloped = blood brain barrier

35
Q

If a patient is breastfeeding and has a short acting medication and is worried about the baby being exposed to medication, when should they take the medication?

A

Directly after breastfeeding

36
Q

What’s the most accurate way to dose medication for a kid?

A

Body surface

37
Q

If we had a patient with decreased lean body mass, what does that do to drugs?

A

It would make the drug more potent

What does that do to the body’s water? - It lowers it

38
Q

What happens to women who are pregnant in regards to intestinal motility?

A

Decreased intestinal motility

Intestinal absorption is increased

39
Q

When should steroids be given?

A

In the morning

40
Q

If a patient has a mineralocorticoid administered and the dose is really high, what would we expect to see if they were getting too much?

A

Edema because too much fluid = increased sodium

41
Q

If a patient has Addison’s disease, they have a ______ of hormones?

A

Deficit of hormones
If you have Addison’s disease and you just gave birth to a baby, what should we be worried about? - Not enough Cortisol in general

42
Q

If we just started taking a steroid, what would happen to glucose level?

A

Increase in glucose level

43
Q

What happens if we take a high dose of Prednisone and abruptly stop taking it?

A

Adrenal crisis

44
Q

If a patient has increased stress and they’re taking a steroid and they have Addison’s disease, what should we think would happen to the dose?

A

They would need a boost of it

45
Q

If patient is taking high dose steroids, what is an urgent concern we should educate the patient on?

A

Infections

46
Q

When do we not want to give someone steroids (absolute contraindication)?

A

Systemic fungal infections

47
Q

What medications should we not give if someone is on steroids?

A

Aspirin, Digoxin, NSAIDs

48
Q

What is the drug ending for steroids?

A

-sone or -lone

NUR 311 Exam 1 (1 decks)

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