Exam 1 Flashcards
Concentric
Eccentric
Isokinetic
(ICE)
C: Shorting of the muscle
E: Lengthens the muscle
I: The speed of the joint
Mitochondrion
the powerhouse of the cell and T-Tubule - Passage contracts the outside muscle fiber.
Myosin
Actin
S1 Head
M: thick filament
A: thin filament
S1: attachs to actin and active site for ATP. (ATP binding site to power muscle contraction when ATP is hydrolyzed).
Troponin
Tropomyosin
Tin: a 3 component protein that is associated with each actin-tropomyosin complex
Tsin: a rod shaped protein acttached to actin in a regular repeating sequence
How do you train Fast Twitch (type 2) muscle fibers/motor unit
is primarily trained by sprint distances like anaerobic activity: heavy weight lifting, jump rope, sprint, etc. (Muscle strength)
Where does force come from?
Central Nervous System
The chemical signal (action potential) from the brain down the spinal cord that nerves/neurons, activating the contraction of muscle force
Fatigue
When the muscle force drops below what you expected to create. It’s when the muscle can’t maintain the force
Muscle strength
Is the capacity of a muscle to exert maximal force ONCE against resistance
Muscle endurance
Is the capacity of a muscle to exert sub-maximal force repeatedly.
Force/Velocity Curve
With an increase in the velocity of contraction, there is a decline in force.
Length/Tension
Length of muscle at which it can generate the greatest force retention. Change in muscle length altered actin-myosin interaction, influencing the tension.
Muscle Soreness (what is it?) + Eccentric Contraction Process
Lengthening muscle to create an eccentric contraction, which damages the microfibers/sarcomeres in muscle resulting to soreness.
What is the Nervous System (CNS) and how does it work?
The system provides rapid communication (wiring) between the brain and the different tissues (muscle) and organs of the body. The brain takes all the information and emits a proper response from the peripheral nerves into the tissues and organs of the body.
Functional parts of the CNS (2 parts)
Somatic - all the nerves that leave CNS and go into skeletal muscle
Autonomic - involuntary movements with two different responses of parasympathetic and sympathetic
What are the two Autonomic responses? And One example of each
Parasympathetic - rest and digest system (slow responses) ex. Breathing at rest
Sympathetic - the excite response (flight or fight response) ex. Increase HR
Nerves
Specialized cells that conduct action potentials along their axon
Synapse
Connection between nerve(s) and target tissues membrane, ex. Muscle fiber
Receptors
Specific protein located on the membrane of the target tissue that binds to the neurotransmitter released by the nerve to promote an impulse.
Motor cortex
a localized region of the outer layers of the brain responsible for the origin of neural processing of complex voluntary movement
Cerebellum
located at the base of the posterior region of the brain, the cerebellum refines motor patterns from the motor cortex, and “stores” more-simple or “well trained” motor patterns.
Action Potential: rapid depolarization of nerve membrane
membrane is depolarized, and positive ions (Na/Ca) rush into cell, making it transiently positive.
The Neuromuscular Junction
As the impulse, as axon goes along the length of that nerve cell. It’s voltage is changed to more positive. It is deeply depolarized and so that goes along the outside of the neuron and gets to the synapse.
Henneman’s Size Principle - Process of Motor Unit Recruitment
The pattern of motor unit recruitment that’s fast-twitch or slow-twitch which is altered by the size of cell body that has to be activated or depolarized
maximal motor unit recruitment
synchronous recruitment of motor units
Your brain has to work extremely hard to revoke any kind of contraction that’s high force, it has to recruit a lot of motor units and the action potential to surpass the threshold of excitation, because remember fast twitch fibers require a greater a deep depolarization then slow twitch.
