Exam 1 Flashcards
Communication model definition
The process through which people use messages to generate meanings within and across context, cultures, channels, and media
The basic communication model image from left to right
Sender, message, receiver, feedback
Intrinsic codes
Biologically shared signaling systems in which we use symptoms to communicate
What are symptoms
Represent a cause-and-effect relationship between a sign and what the sign indicated
Iconic codes
Represent a signal system where semblances are used to communicate with others
What is a semblance
look like the real thing but aren’t
Arbitrary codes
Socially constructed and learned
Symbols example
Horns down, handshake, French cheek kisses
Complementing is when
Verbal and nonverbal work together
Substituting is when
Gesturing instead of speaking
Identification function of NVC
Through appearance and behavior we signal identity to others
Relationship function of NVC
We use non-verbal communication to form, maintain, and end relationships
Emotion function of NVC
Emotions are the stimulus response processes that motivates us to engage in behaviors
Delivery function of NVC
We deliver symbolic messages to exchange information
What are the four functions of nonverbal communication
Identification
relationship
emotion
delivery
Kinesics
Body movement
Intrinsic codes in kinesics
Our instinct to gesture with speech
Kinesics includes
Posture
gestures
facial expressions
eye behavior
Arbitrary codes in kinesics
The meaning of gestures is determined by the people who use them
Types of gestures
Emblematic Deictic Pantomimic Iconic metaphoric batonic
Emblematic gestures _____
Take the place of spoken words
Iconic gestures
Speaking and acting out
Batonic gestures _____
Emphasize and punctuate speech
What are the functions of gestures?
Replace spoken words
Regulate flow of conversation
Maintain attention
Emphasize
Speech-independent gestures are also known as
Emblems or autonomous gestures
What are the characteristics of speech related gestures
Directly tied to speech Wouldn’t make sense without words Reference things Concrete ideas Abstract feelings
The frequency of gestures depends on
Emotional state of speaker
Concern about comprehension
Dominance
Coordination is when
Gestures, posture, and speech are linked
Meshing
Coordination with the other person but not exactly the same
What is proxemics
humans use space to communicate
Proxemics includes
Interpersonal distance
Body orientation
Positioning
Territorial behavior
Types of territories
Primary
Secondary
Public
Primary territory
One owner
Secondary territory
Not owned by one person alone- living room
Public territory
Open to anyone for temporary ownership
Violation
Unwarranted use of another’s territory
Reactions to invasion are based on
How much u like someone
Intent
Context
Mood/emotional state
Territorial defense strategies
Prevention, reaction
General adaptation syndrome
Physiological response Behavioral symptoms Taking flight Decreased concentration Negative feelings
Density
Number of people in a space
Crowding
Psychological feeling on how many people are around
Haptics
Touch behavior
Touch and human development
Touch is the first form of contact for babies, critical to psychological and physiological growth
Touch is the most _____ and _____ form of communication
Basic, primitive
Arbitrary codes for touch
Meaning changes with context and time
Social/polite touch
Both people in the interaction do the behavior
Friendship or warmth touch
Expressing liking or care for someone
Factors influencing touch
Area
Purpose
Gender
Top four areas of touch
Hands
Shoulders
Elbows
Back
Touch as influence is ____
Persuasive
How many people in the US experience relational violence in their lifetime
1/3
Physical violence comes in several forms
Threat of force
Minor violent acts
Forceful actions causing serious or life threatening Harm
Iconic codes facial expression
Faking emotions
Types of smiles
Qualified
Compliance
Coordination
Listener response
Qualified smile
Take the edge off unpleasant news
Compliance smile
Reaction to unpleasant news and accepting
Coordination smile
Everyday friendly smile
Listen response smile
Encourage speaker to continue
Types of expression of emotion in the face
Masking
Intensification
Neutralization
Deintensification
Masking
Covering feelings with other emotions
Intensification
Increasing intensity of emotion
Styles of facial expression
Withholder, revealer, unwitting, blanked
Withholder style
Face inhibits expression
Revealer style
Face always shows expression
Unwitting expressor
Lets off emotions unintentionally
Blanked expression
Thinks they’re showing emotions but are blank
What type of smile is this: you are listening to an instructor and encouraging them to keep speaking
Listener response
What type of smile is this: boss tells you you are working on game day and you smile and except it
Compliance
What type of smile is this: your boss tells you critical evaluation‘s while smiling
Qualified
What type of smile is this: smile and agree to make plans with a friend
Coordination
Emotions inferred from the face
SADFISH
Surprise Anger Disgust Fear Interest Sadness Happiness
Examples of symptoms
Crying=distress
Yawning=boredom
Three important points regarding the role of nonverbal behavior in the communication model
We cannot, not communicate
Nonverbal behaviors influence sender and receiver
Nonverbal communication can change from person to person
Why is nonverbal communication important to study?
It is omnipresent, multi functional, universal, it affects understanding, primary, trusted
Conflicting
With words and actions don’t match up
Accenting/moderating
Emphasizing words when they are important
What are the functions of nonverbal communication
Identification
Relationship
Emotion
Delivery
Emotion function
Emotions or the stimulus response processes that motivate us to engage in behaviors
Kinesics iconic codes
Using gestures instead of words, my head hurts
Deictic gestures
Pointing or referring to things
Pantomimic gestures
Acting things out
Metaphoric gestures
Visualize abstract concepts
What are the characteristics of speech independent gestures
Direct verbal translation
Used intentionally
Meaning changes across cultures
Speech related gestures are also known as
Illustrators
Self-synchrony
person’s speech and movement match
Matching
Speakers and listeners work together
Invasion
Attempt to take over and dominate another’s territory
Prevention
Objects used to designate territory
Distance zones
Intimate, personal, social, public
Factors that influence the use of space or distance
Gender, age, cultural and ethnic background, topic, setting and context, characteristics of relationship, personality
What do children learn to do first and second
Decode, encode
Touch intrinsic code
Biological need, infants need to be touched, helps with stress
Functional or professional touch
Businesslike, accomplishes a task
Love and intimacy touch
Expression of emotional connection or attraction
Meanings of interpersonal touch
Touch as positive affect, touch as negative affect, touch as discrete emotions, touch as play, touch as influence, touch as task related, touch as healing, touch as symbolism
Touch as discrete emotions
Touch is easier than words
Face intrinsic code
Basic expressions used across cultures
Face and arbitrary codes
Expressions vary across cultures
Types of smiles
Qualified, compliance, coordination, listener response
Neutralization
Making it appear that there is NO emotion
Deintensification
Downplaying emotions
Blanked expressor
Thinks they are expressing, but their face is blank
Teaching planting a plant while acting out how to do it is an example of?
Iconic gesture
