Exam 1

Question 1

What are basic therapeutic attitudes?

Answer 1

curiosity, respect, compassion, devotion, integrity, willingness to admit mistakes and limitations

Question 2

A strikingly cyclical effort to ____ speech has contributed to widespread misunderstanding of the psychoanalytic tradition.

Answer 2

sanitize.

Question 3

Paradoxically, another burden to the reputation of psychoanalysis has been its ____

Answer 3

appeal

Question 4

Nearly everything one can say about individual character patterns and meanings, is ___

Answer 4

disputable

Question 5

Many scholars prefer to place psychoanalysis within the hermeneutic rather than the ___ tradition.

Answer 5

scientific

Question 6

The author emphasizes how pale are even our most elegant and satisfying formulations next to the ___ that is human nature.

Answer 6

mystery

Question 7

The author offers ___ interrelated advantages of the diagnostic enterprise when pursued sensitively and with adequate training.

Answer 7

5 [(1) its usefulness for treatment planning,
(2) its implications for prognosis, (3) its contribution to protecting consumers of mental
health services, (4) its value in enabling the therapist to convey empathy, and (5) its role
in reducing the probability that certain easily frightened people will flee from treatment.
]

Question 8

According to the author, the DSM lacks an implicit definition of ___ or emotional wellness. (p.9)

Answer 8

mental health

Question 9

The validity and reliability of the post-1980 ___ have been disappointing

Answer 9

DSMs

Question 10

Although the DSM system is often called a “___ model” of psychopathology, no physician would equate the remission of symptoms with the cure of disease.

Answer 10

medical

Question 11

Many of the decisions about what to include in post-1980 DSMs, and where to include it, seem in retrospect to have been arbitrary, inconsistent, and influenced by ___ companies.

Answer 11

contributors’ ties to pharmaceutical

Question 12

From DSM III on, a criterion for inclusion has been that there has to be ___ data on a given disorder.

Answer 12

research

Question 13

The author expresses the concern that categorical diagnosis may contribute to a form of self-___

Answer 13

estrangement

Question 14

___ planning is the traditional rationale for diagnoses.

Answer 14

Treatment

Question 15

The most common prescription for personality disorders is still long-term ___.

Answer 15

therapy

Question 16

A main theme of this book is the futility of making a ___ based on the manifest problem alone.

Answer 16

diagnosis

Question 17

A strength of the psychoanalytic tradition is its appreciation of the differences between a stress-related symptom and a problem inhering in ___.

Answer 17

personality

Question 18

Conscientious diagnostic practices encourage ethical communication between practitioners and their potential clients, a kind of “truth in ___.”

Answer 18

advertising

Question 19

For the author, ___ is “the capacity to feel emotionally something like what the other person is feeling.”

Answer 19

empathy

Question 20

A positive side effect of diagnosis its role in maintaining the therapist’s ___

Answer 20

self-esteem

Question 21

Classical psychoanalytic theory approached personality in two different ways, ___ theory and ego psychology

Answer 21

Freud’s drive theory

Question 22

Ego psychology asks, “What are this person’s typical ways of avoiding ___?”

Answer 22

anxiety

Question 23

The author refers to herself temperamentally more as a ___.

Answer 23

synthesizer

Question 24

Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual model progressed from ___ to anal to phallic to latency to genital concerns.

Answer 24

oral

Question 25

Erik ___ reformulated the psychosexual states extended the idea of developmental stages throughout the lifespan and across ___.

Answer 25

son, culture

Question 26

Harry Stack Sullivan offered another stage theory that stressed ___ achievements.

Answer 26

communicative

Question 27

Margaret Mahler worked on subphases of the ___-individuation process.

Answer 27

separation

Question 28

Melanie Klein wrote about the infant’s shift from the “paranoid-schizoid position” to the “___ position”.

Answer 28

depressive

Question 29

Peter Fonagy offered a model of the development of a mature sense of self and reality characterized by a capacity to ___ the motives of others.

Answer 29

mentalize

Question 30

Freud’s ___ model consisted of the id, ego, and superego

Answer 30

structural

Question 31

The id operates according to the ___ principle.

Answer 31

pleasure

Question 32

The id is entirely ___.

Answer 32

unconscious

Question 33

The Freudian ego operates according to the ___ principle.

Answer 33

reality

Question 34

The ___ ego is the part of the patient’s self that is conscious and rational and can comment on emotional experience.

Answer 34

observing

Question 35

The basic role of the ego in perceiving and adapting to reality is the source of the phrase ___.

Answer 35

ego strength

Question 36

Another value of the ego psychology movement was the conclusion that psychological health involves not only having mature defenses but also being able to use a ___ of defenses.

Answer 36

variety

Question 37

Freud coined the term superego for the part of the self that oversees things, especially from a ___ perspective.

Answer 37

moral

Question 38

A primary function of the ego is to defend the self against ___ arising from either powerful instinctual strivings (the id), upsetting reality experiences (the ego), or guilt feelings and associated fantasies (the superego).

Answer 38

anxiety

Question 39

People with an object relations orientation put their emphasis on what the main love objects in the child’s world had been like… and how internal images and representations of them live on in the ___ lives of adults.

Answer 39

unconscious

Question 40

___ psychoanalysts in the United States differed from British and Hungarian object relation theorists by putting less stress on the stubbornly persisting unconscious images of early objects and aspects of objects

Answer 40

Interpersonal

Question 41

___ are those internalized others who had influenced the child and lived on in the adult, and from whom the client had not yet achieved a satisfactory psychological separation.

Answer 41

introjects

Question 42

The transformation of ___ from obstacle to asset is one of the most critical contributions of object relations theory.

Answer 42

countertransference

Question 43

Heinz Kohut formulated a new theory of the ___.

Answer 43

self

Question 44

The author refers to the “___” in which the inevitably intersubjective nature (analyst and analysand) of the clinical situation has been emphasized.

Answer 44

relational turn

Question 45

Relational psychoanalysts have been more interested in therapeutic ___ than in hypothesized structures such as ___.

Answer 45

process, character

Question 46

Relational analysts opened the door to appreciating the personality contributions of the ___ as well as the patient in the understanding of what is going on between them in therapy.

Answer 46

therapist

Question 47

Much relational thinking has returned to the early Freudian focus on trauma, but with an emphasis on ___ rather than repressive processes.

Answer 47

dissociative

Question 48

Perhaps the most important contributions of analysts in the relational movement are ways of thinking about ___ that imply more fluidity and unfinishedness than traditional theory assumed.

Answer 48

self-experience

Question 49

For the relational movement, ___ and the collaborative construction of experience are foundational assumptions.

Answer 49

impermanence

Question 50

Analytic theories emphasize themes and dynamism, not ___.

Answer 50

traits.