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PSYC 2110 > EXAM 1: 1-6 > Flashcards

EXAM 1: 1-6 Flashcards

1
Q

sexual intelligence

A

self understanding, interpersonal sexual skills, scientific knowledge, and consideration of the cultural context of sexuality

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2
Q

psychosocial

A

a combination of psychological and social factors

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3
Q

slut shaming

A

humiliating, intimidating, or degrading a person (typically a woman) because of their sexual behavior

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4
Q

celibacy

A

historically defined as the state of being unmarried; currently defined as abstention from sexual behavior

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5
Q

sexology

A

the study of sexuality

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6
Q

qualitative study

A

a non-experimental research method that examines a small group of people to gain in-depth information about personal perspectives and lived experiences

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7
Q

case study

A

a specific type of qualitative study; examines either a single participant or a small group of participants with rare conditions

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8
Q

survey

A

a research method in which a sample of people are questioned about their behaviors and/or attitudes

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9
Q

direct observation

A

a method of research in which participants are observed as they go about their activities

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10
Q

experimental research

A

research conducted in precisely controlled laboratory conditions so that participants’ reactions can be reliably measured

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11
Q

independent variable

A

in an experimental research design, a condition or component that is under the control of the researcher, who manipulates or determines its value

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12
Q

dependent variable

A

in an experimental research design, an outcome or resulting behavior that the experimenter observes and records but does not control

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13
Q

representative sample

A

a research sample that provides an accurate representation of a larger target population of interest

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14
Q

random sample

A

a randomly chosen subset of a population

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15
Q

convenience sample

A

a sample that is selected based on their convenient accessibility to the researcher

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16
Q

nonresponse

A

the refusal to participate in a research study

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17
Q

self selection

A

the bias introduced into research study results because of participants’ willingness to respond

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18
Q

social desirability bias

A

the bias that is introduced when people distort or falsify their responses to maintain or enhance their social image

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19
Q

demographic bias

A

a kind of sampling bias in which certain segments of society (such as White, middle-class, white-collar workers) are disproportionately represented in a study population

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20
Q

goals of sexology

A

understanding, predicting, controlling behavior

sometimes these goals must be modified or tempered by ethical issues

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21
Q

vulva

A

the external genitals of the female, including the pubic hair, mons veneris, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and urinary and vaginal openings

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22
Q

mons veneris

A

triangular mound over the pubic bone above the vulva

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23
Q

labia majora

A

outer lips of the vulva

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24
Q

labia minora

A

inner lips of the vulva, one on each side of the vaginal opening

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25
Q

prepuce

A

foreskin or fold of skin over the clit

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26
Q

gynecology

A

the medical practice specializing in women’s health and in diseases of the female reproductive and sexual organs

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27
Q

clitoris

A

a highly sensitive structure of the female external genitals, the only function of which is sexual pleasure

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28
Q

glans

A

the head of the clit which is richly endowed with nerve endings

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29
Q

shaft

A

the length of the clit between the glans and the body

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30
Q

clitoral complex

A

a sexually reactive complex of structures in the vulva and vagina that engorge with blood during sexual arousal

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31
Q

crura

A

the innermost tips of the cavernous bodies that connect to the pubic bones

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32
Q

vestibule

A

the area of the vulva inside the labia minora

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33
Q

urethra

A

the tube through which urine passes from the bladder

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34
Q

introitus

A

the opening to the vagina

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35
Q

hymen

A

tissue that partially covers the vaginal opening

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36
Q

perineum

A

the area between the vagina and anus of females and the scrotum and anus of males

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37
Q

cavernous bodies

A

the structures in the shaft of the clitoris that engorge with blood during sexual arousal

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38
Q

vestibular bulbs

A

two bulbs, one on each side of the vaginal opening, that engorge with blood during sexual arousal

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39
Q

Bartholin’s glands

A

two small glands slightly inside the vaginal opening that secrete a few drops of fluid during sexual arousal

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40
Q

vagina

A

a stretchable canal in the female that opens at the vulva and extends about 3-5 inches into the pelvis

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41
Q

speculum

A

an instrument used to open the vaginal walls during a gynecologist exam

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42
Q

mucosa

A

collective term for the mucous membranes; moist tissue that lines certain body areas such as the penile urethra, vagina, and mouth

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43
Q

rugae

A

the folds of tissue in the vagina

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44
Q

Grafenberg spot

A

glands and ducts in the anterior wall of the vagina. some females experience sexual pleasure, arousal, orgasm, and an ejaculation of fluids from stimulation of the Grafenberg spot

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45
Q

Kegel exercises

A

a series of exercises that strengthen the muscles underlying the external female or male genitals

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46
Q

vasocongestion

A

the engorgement of blood vessels in particular body parts in response to sexual arousal

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47
Q

douching

A

rinsing out the vagina with plain water or a variety of solutions. it is usually unnecessary for hygiene and douching can result in vaginal irritation

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48
Q

cervix

A

the small end of the uterus, located at the back of the vagina

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49
Q

os

A

the opening in the cervix that leads to the interior of the uterus

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50
Q

uterus

A

a pear-shaped organ inside the female pelvis, within which the fetus develops

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51
Q

perimetrium

A

the thin membrane covering the outside of the uterus

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52
Q

myometrium

A

the smooth muscle layer of the uterine wall

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53
Q

endometrium

A

the tissue that lines the inside of the uterine wall

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54
Q

fallopian tubes

A

two tubes, extending from the sides of the uterus, in which the egg and sperm travel

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55
Q

fimbriae

A

fringelike ends of the fallopian tubes, into which the release ovum enters

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56
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

a pregnancy that occurs when a fertilized ovum implants outside the uterus, most commonly in a fallopian tube

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57
Q

ovaries

A

female gonads that produce ova and sex hormones

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58
Q

ovulation

A

the release of a mature ovum from the ovary

59
Q

mestruation

A

the sloughing off the built-up uterine lining that takes place if conception has not occurred

60
Q

menarche

A

the initial onset of menstrual periods in a young female

61
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

a pituitary hormone secreted by a female during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. FSH stimulates the development of ovarian follicles. in males it stimulates sperm production

62
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

the hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation in the female. in males it is called the interstitial cell hormone (ISCH) and stimulates production of androgens by the testes

63
Q

corpus luteum

A

a yellowish body that forms on the ovary at the site of the ruptured follicle and secretes progesterone

64
Q

menstrual phase

A

the phase of the menstrual cycle during which menstruation occurs

65
Q

proliferative phase

A

the phase of the menstrual cycle during which the ovarian follicles mature

66
Q

secretory phase

A

the phase of the menstrual cycle during which the corpus luteum develops and secretes progesterone

67
Q

blastocyst

A

multicellular descendant of the united sperm and ovum that implants on the wall of the uterus

68
Q

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

A

symptoms of physical discomfort and emotional irritability that occur 2 to 12 days before menstruation

69
Q

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

A

premenstrual symptoms severe enough to significantly disrupt functioning

70
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

pain or discomfort before or during menstruation

71
Q

prostaglandins

A

hormones that induce uterine contractionse

72
Q

endometriosis

A

a condition in which uterine tissue grows on various parts of the abdominal cavity

73
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstruation

74
Q

climacteric

A

physiological changes that occur during the transition period from fertility to infertility in both sexes

75
Q

perimenopause

A

the time period before menopause when estrogen is decreasing

76
Q

menopause

A

cessation of menstruation as a result of the aging process or surgical removal of the ovaries

77
Q

hormone therapy (HT)

A

use of supplemental hormones during and after menopause or following surgical removal of the ovaries

78
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vaginal walls caused by a variety of vaginal infections

79
Q

pap smear

A

a screening test for cancer of the cervix

80
Q

hysterectomy

A

surgical removal of the uterus

81
Q

oophorectomy

A

surgical removal of the ovaries

82
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

the physical characteristics other than genitals that indicate sexual maturity, such as body hair, breasts, and deepened voice

83
Q

mammary glands

A

glands in the female breast that produce milk

84
Q

mammography

A

a highly sensitive X-ray test for the detection of breast cancer

85
Q

mastectomy

A

surgical removal of the breast(s)

86
Q

penis

A

a male sexual organ consisting of the internal root and the external shaft and glans

87
Q

shaft

A

the length of the penis between the glans and the body

88
Q

glans

A

the head of the penis; it is richly endowed with nerve endings

89
Q

root

A

the portion of the penis that extends internally into the pelvic cavity

90
Q

cavernous bodies

A

the structures in the shaft of the penis that engorge with blood during sexual arousal

91
Q

spongy body

A

a cylinder that forms a bulb at the base of the penis, extends up into the penile shaft, and forms the penile glans

92
Q

foreskin

A

a covering of skin over the penile glans

93
Q

circumcision

A

surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis

94
Q

corona

A

the rim of the penile glans

95
Q

frenulum

A

a highly sensitive thin strip of skin that connects the glans to the shaft on the underside of the penis

96
Q

scrotum

A

the pouch of skin of the external male genitals that encloses the testes

97
Q

testis

A

male gonad inside the scrotum that produces sperm and sex hormones

98
Q

spermatic cord

A

a cord attached to the testis that contains the vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and cremasteric muscle fibers

99
Q

cryptorchidism

A

a condition in which the testes fail to descend from the abdominal cavity to the scrotal sac

100
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

thin, coiled structures in the testes in which sperm are produced

101
Q

interstitial cells

A

cells located between the seminiferous tubules that are the major source of androgen in males

102
Q

epididymis

A

the structure along the back of each testis. in which sperm maturation occurs

103
Q

vas deferens

A

a sperm carrying tube that begins at the testis and ends at the urethra

104
Q

vasectomy

A

a male sterilization procedure that involves removing a section from each vas deferens

105
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

two short ducts located within the prostate gland

106
Q

urethra

A

the tube through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside of the body

107
Q

seminal vesicles

A

small glands adjacent to the terminals of the vas deferens that secrete an alkaline fluid (conducive to sperm motility) that constitutes the greatest portion of the volume of seminal fluid released during ejaculation

108
Q

prostate gland

A

a gland located at the base of the baldder that produces about 30% of the seminal fluid released during ejaculation

109
Q

cowper’s glands

A

two pea sized glands located alongside the base of the urethra in the male that secrete an alkaline fluid during sexual arousal

110
Q

semen or seminal fluid

A

a viscous fluid ejaculated through the penis that contains sperm and fluids from the prostate, seminal vesicles, and cowper’s glands

111
Q

erection

A

the process by which the penis or clit engorges with blood and increases in size

112
Q

ejaculation

A

the process by which semen is expelled from the body through the penis

113
Q

emission phase

A

the first stage of male orgasm, in which the seminal fluid is gathered in the urethral bulb

114
Q

expulsion phase

A

the second stage of male orgasm during which the semen is expelled from the penis by muscular contractions

115
Q

retrograde ejaculation

A

the process by which semen is expelled into the bladder instead of out of the penis

116
Q

nocturnal emissions

A

involuntary ejaculation during sleep; also known as wet dream

117
Q

genital retraction syndrome (GRS)

A

unusual, culture-bound phenomenon in which a male believes his penis is shrinking and retracting into his body

118
Q

koro

A

a widely used term for the genital retraction syndrome

119
Q

phimosis

A

a condition characterized by an extremely tight penile foreskin

120
Q

urology

A

the medical speciality dealing with reproductive health and genital diseases of the male and urinary tract diseases in both sexes

121
Q

smegma

A

a cheesy substance of glandular secretions and skin cells that sometimes accumulates under the foreskin of the penis or hood of the clitoris

122
Q

biological sex

A

biological sex characteristics associated with being male, female, or intersex

123
Q

gender identity

A

how one psychologically perceives one’s gender

124
Q

gender expression

A

the way we outwardly express our gender identity as masculine and/or feminine

125
Q

cisgender

A

gender description for a person whose biological sex assigned at birth matches their gender identity

126
Q

transgender

A

term widely used as an umbrella term for individuals whose gender identity differs from what is typically associated with the biological sex they were assigned at birth

127
Q

gender assumptions

A

assumptions about how people are likely to behave based on their maleness or femaleness

128
Q

gender roles

A

a collection of attitudes and behaviors that a specific culture considers normal and appropriate for people of a particular biological sex

129
Q

sperm

A

the male reproductive cell

130
Q

ovum

A

the female reproductive cell

131
Q

autosomes

A

the 22 pairs of human chromosomes that do not significantly influence sex differentiation

132
Q

sex chromosomes

A

a single set of chromosomes that influences biological sex determination

133
Q

testes

A

male gonads inside the scrotum that produce sperm and sex hormones

134
Q

gonads

A

the male and female sex gonads; ovaries and testes

135
Q

ovaries

A

female gonads that produce ova and sex hormones

136
Q

estrogens

A

a class of hormones that produce female secondary sex characteristics and affect the menstrual cycle

137
Q

progestational compounds

A

a class of hormones; including progesterone, that are produced by the ovaries

138
Q

androgens

A

a class of hormones that promote the development of male genitals and secondary sex characteristics and influence sexual motivation in both sexes. these hormones are produced by the adrenal glands in males and females and by the testes in males

139
Q

hypothalamus

A

small structure in the central core of the brain that controls the pituitary gland and regulates motivated behavior and emotional expression

140
Q

cerebrum

A

the largest part of the brain, consisting of two cerebral hemispheres

141
Q

cerebral hemispheres

A

two sides (right and left) of the cerebrum

141
Q

corpus callosum

A

broad band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres

142
Q
A

PSYC 2110 (1 decks)

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