Exam 1: 1/21/25 Flashcards
what does Reynold’s number mean?
> 2000 = turbulent blood or air flow
no units
What is turbulent flow?
What causes it?
- blood moving in all directions
- massive amount of energy is wasted
- risk of clotting
Causes: narrowing (increased velocity), calcifications
What measurement is also associated with turbulent flow?
volume
- wheezing sound with a lung infection
velocity in relation to turbulent flow
increased velocity -> higher risk of turbulent flow
diameter in relation to turbulent flow
wide diameter -> increases turbulent flow
density in relation to turbulent flow
higher density –> increases turbulent flow
*air or blood density
What vessels are most prone to turbulent flow?
large arteries close to the heart:
- aorta
- large arteries
Why do veins hardly ever have turbulent flow?
velocity is so low
Another term for viscosity?
thiccness
What is arterial system compliance?
700 cc
* adding volume RAPIDLY increases pressure
* removing volume RAPIDLY decreases pressure
LOW COMPLIANCE
What is venous system compliance?
2500 cc
*adding volume SLOWLY increases pressure
* removing volume SLOWLY decreases pressure
HIGH COMPLIANCE
What are the effects of sympathetic inhibition on arteries? veins?
arteries
*dreastically decreases pressure
veins
*minimally decreases pressure
What are the effects of sympathetic stimulation on arteries? veins?
arteries
* drastically increases pressure
veins
* minimally increases pressure
What is a flow meter?
electromagnetic probe around a blood vessel to assess blood flow
Fe within hemoglobin has an electromagnetic effect
What is ultrasonic flowmeter?
has o be implanted and wrapped around a blood vessel to assess blood flow
What is a laser flowmeter?
laser with embedded sensors that look at light being reflected
higher flow -> different reflection the sensor sees
What is a transducer?
needle hooked up to tube connected to CV system
increase in pressure pushes the plate into a magnet
recorded on paper or screen
pressure vs volume loop graph of LV vs. RV
RV
same shape as LV graph with similar volumes, but drastically lower pressures
What’s the volume left over in the LV after systole?
50 ml
end systolic volume (ESV)
LVESV
What type of filling is primarily in the LV?
passive
Filling pressures in the LV are dependent on what?
preload/LAP
atrial kick
How much mL into LV from atrial kick?
10 ml added to 110 mL
In CHF patient, what percentage of ventricular diastolic volume is DIRECT RESULT of atrial contraction?
atrial kick
25%
end diastolic volume
aka LVEDV
120 mL
